Live Coverage: Third flight of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket to feature 1st reuse of booster

Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket stands on pad 36 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, on the eve of its launch with the BlueBird 7 satellite. Image: Michael Cain/Spaceflight Now.

Blue Origin plans to launch its third New Glenn rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station shortly before dawn on Sunday, carrying AST SpaceMobile’s BlueBird 7 satellite into low Earth orbit.

The launch of New Glenn 3, or NG-3 for short, marks a critical milestone for Blue Origin’s heavy-lift rocket. The booster, ‘Never Tell Me the Odds’, previously launched in November 2025 and successfully touched down on the company’s ocean-going landing platform, ‘Jacklyn’.

Liftoff of the liquid methane and liquid hydrogen fueled rocket from pad 36 is scheduled during a two-hour launch window that opens Sunday, April 19 at 6:45 a.m. EDT (1045 UTC). The rocket will take a south-easterly trajectory on departure from the Space Coast.

U.S. Space Force meteorologists forecast a 90-percent change of acceptable weather for the rocket’s launch.

Spaceflight Now will have live coverage of the launch starting an hour prior to liftoff.

While much of the booster is being reused, Blue Origin CEO Dave Limp said the engines are not the same as the ones that powered the rocket to deliver NASA’s EscaPADE satellites to orbit.

“With our first refurbished booster we elected to replace all seven engines and test out a few upgrades including a thermal protection system on one of the engine nozzles,” Limp wrote in an April 13 post on social media. “We plan to use the engines we flew for NG-2 on future flights.”

Blue Origin became just the second company, after SpaceX, to successfully land an orbital class rocket booster in a vertical descent.

Both companies use remotely-operated landing vessels to recover their boosters. SpaceX also has two landing pads in Florida, along with one in California. Blue Origin hasn’t announced plans for an on-shore landing pad just yet.

Blue Origin said it’s designing its boosters to support up to 25 flights each, but it’s unclear if that will include reusing the same set of engines 25 times along with the rest of the booster structure.

BlueBird 7 is the second satellite in AST SpaceMobile’s next-generation satellite constellation and is designed to support space-based cellular broadband for commercial and government customers. NG-3 will carry a single so-called Block 2 satellite, but future New Glenn mission can loft up to eight of the satellites, which feature an antenna and solar planel array, spanning 2,400 square feet.

“We remain on track to achieve our target of deploying 45 to 60 satellites into low Earth orbit by the end of this year,” AST Spacemobile’s Chairman and CEO Abel Avellan said in an earning call in March. “To support our launch cadence during 2026, we expect the New Glenn booster to be reused every 30 days.”

New Glenn stands 321 feet tall at its seaside pad at Launch Complex 36 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Base on Florida’s Space Coast. Image: Michael Cain/Spaceflight Now.

Reading List 04/18/2026

Path Robotics’ welding quadruped, via Nima Gard on Twitter.

Welcome to the reading list, a weekly roundup of news and links related to buildings, infrastructure, and industrial technology. This week we look at a quadruped welding robot, the China Shock 2.0, transformer startups, China’s mysteriously moving satellites, and more. Roughly 2/3rds of the reading list is paywalled, so for full access become a paid subscriber.

No essay this week, but working on a more involved piece about construction costs in the US and around the world that should be out next week.

War in Iran

The US has blockaded the Strait of Hormuz, preventing Iranian ships from transiting the strait. “On Monday, the United States imposed its own naval blockade, intent on ending Iran’s dominance of the waterway and cutting off its oil income by blocking all traffic to and from its ports…Since the U.S. blockade took effect, no ships linked to Iran have been spotted leaving the region, according to the vessel‑tracking company Kpler.” [NYT] Negotiations between the US and Iran are apparently ongoing, but the strait seems to be closed as of this writing. [BBC]

The strait’s closure continues to disrupt supply chains around the world: Russia has imposed export controls on helium [Reuters], airlines continue to be squeezed by the high cost of jet fuel [WSJ], and a Japanese bathroom manufacturer shut down production due to a lack of glue. [Nikkei Asia]

Thanks to the war, GPS signals are being jammed across the region. One consequence? Food delivery drivers are having trouble delivering their orders. [Rest of World]

The Saudi East-West oil pipeline being used to bypass the Strait of Hormuz had been damaged by an Iranian drone attack, but now appears to be back online. [Reuters]

Housing

Homeownership rates by state in the US. Some of these figures surprise me: it’s not hard to understand why California and New York might have low homeownership rates due to the high costs of real estate, but Georgia, Texas, and North Dakota being on the low end and West Virginia being on the high end are more surprising to me. [X]

Also on the subject of home ownership, the White House released a report on “Rebuilding and Protecting the American Dream of Homeownership.” It looks at various causes of high housing prices in the US, and concludes with some recommendations for states and local jurisdictions to reduce housing costs:

  • Unleashing manufacturing innovation: “...align codes with accepted standards for modular, prefabricated, panelized, and other off-site built housing.”

  • Streamlining the stages of homebuilding: “...create a fast-track process for all housing developments that features capped timelines and permit fees, appropriate and justifiable impact fees, third-party inspections, and an expedited appeal process that ensures faster and less arbitrary dispute resolution.”

  • Protecting consumer choice and private property rights: “...curtail gratuitous mandates that restrict housing supply, such as restrictions on the number of units that can be built in any given time period, costly green energy building requirements, and discriminatory labor rules.

Most of these seem like reasonable ideas to me. [White House]

Manufacturing

The Pentagon wants to get US auto manufacturers involved in weapons production, as the wars in Ukraine and Iran run down ordnance stockpiles. This was widely done during WWII, but it’s not obvious how easily today’s car manufacturers could pivot. [WSJ]

Also on the subject of weapons manufacturing, Detroit is angling to be the epicenter of a new US drone manufacturing industry. “Thanks to ramped-up military spending on drones and their proliferation in civilian uses, the market for American-made unmanned aerial systems is expected to grow to more than $50 billion by 2030, from $5 billion this year…Companies are scrambling to build a supply chain from scratch, and states are vying to be at the center of it. In July, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan, a Democrat, issued an executive directive calling for a statewide effort to scale up “advanced air mobility” manufacturing, which includes drones and electric planes.” [NYT]

Tulsa, Oklahoma is building the first aluminum smelter built in the US in 50 years, which would double(!) US smelting capacity. [WSJ] Related, this Breakthrough Institute Piece on aluminum and China’s manufacturing prowess has an interesting graphic showing which materials require the most electricity to produce. Titanium requires way more electricity, and electric arc steel requires way less electricity, than I realized. [Breakthrough]

When I looked at welding automation a few years ago, one of the startups I highlighted trying to push automated welding forward was Path Robotics, which at the time was developing a system that could automatically plan out a welding path based on computer vision and a CAD model it had been provided. Now the company just introduced an automated welding system mounted to a robot dog. The utility of this isn’t amazingly obvious to me — I think most welding is probably done in repeatable locations where the dog is unnecessary, in locations that would be tricky for a dog to access, or require some kind of workholding that this doesn’t seem equipped with — but it’s cool nonetheless. [X]

A cool short video clip showing manufacturing of wooden propellers using Blanchard-style pattern-tracing lathes. [X]

Slate Auto, the Jeff Bezos-backed startup that wants to build a no-frills EV truck, raised another $650 million, bringing its total funding to $1.4 billion. [TechCrunch]

Read more

Saturday 18 April 1663

Up betimes and to my office, where all the morning. At noon to dinner. With us Mr. Creed, who has been deeply engaged at the office this day about the ending of his accounts, wherein he is most unhappy to have to do with a company of fools who after they have signed his accounts and made bills upon them yet dare not boldly assert to the Treasurer that they are satisfied with his accounts. Hereupon all dinner, and walking in the garden the afternoon, he and I talking of the ill management of our office, which God knows is very ill for the King’s advantage. I would I could make it better.

In the evening to my office, and at night home to supper and bed.

Read the annotations

NASA selects Falcon Heavy to launch ESA Mars rover mission despite budget threat

Rosalind Franklin rover

NASA has selected SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy to launch a European Mars rover, support for which the agency is once again proposing to cancel.

The post NASA selects Falcon Heavy to launch ESA Mars rover mission despite budget threat appeared first on SpaceNews.

The Space Force’s ‘commercial first’ strategy in action with Col. Tim Trimailo

In this episode of Space Minds, Mike Gruss talks with Col. Tim Trimailo on how the Space Force is working with industry. They discuss what the service wants to see […]

The post The Space Force’s ‘commercial first’ strategy in action with Col. Tim Trimailo appeared first on SpaceNews.

Links 4/18/26

Links for you. Science:

C.D.C. Pauses Testing for Rabies and Pox Viruses
A deadly bacterial disease is returning, doctors warn, as vaccination rates fall
A botanist searches for the seeds of the rare Death Valley Sage
RFK Jr.’s Junk Science Diet
The Future of Sex as a Biological Variable in Health Research
Trump Slashed Science Funding. Now the U.S. Could Face a Costly Brain Drain.

Other:

Patriarchal theocratic white nationalism is risen
Nick Fuentes’s Strategy is Working: Viral clips of the far-right white supremacist are growing his audience.
Viktor Orban’s problems undercut Trump’s new world order
Young People Are Falling Behind, but Not Because of AI. The case that AI is already stealing young people’s jobs is based on a statistical mirage.
Trump’s Antifa Terror: Even as war rages across the Middle East, raising fears that Iran could activate sleeper cells in the U.S. and Europe, the Trump administration is quietly working to designate antifa as a top counterterrorism priority—despite the protestations of experts who say this is a pretext for targeting domestic dissent.
‘You Can’t Defeat the Robots!’: Baseball’s AI Strike Zone Is Must-Watch Television
Trump is taking charge of his own memorials
There’s No App for That
Evidence of insider trading on Iran war grows
Paul McCartney Banned From Reddit After Promoting Himself in Paul McCartney Subreddit
Regime change in Cuba could benefit wealthy Republicans
Donald Trump Isn’t Sounding Like Himself. And that’s terrifying
America Is Used to Hiding Its Wars. Trump Is Doing the Opposite.
AI accused of ‘unjust exploitation’ as bots reprint entire books
The Epstein Emails Show #MeToo Never Stood a Chance
A Right to Full-Time Scheduling
MOAR BELOW!

Papers, Please: The toll of age verification laws on digital sex work
The Strategic Defeat of the United States
Think Nothing of It
The Secret Iran Intel That Terrified Dems
The Profession That Does Not Exist
Company backed by Trump sons looks to sell drone interceptors to Gulf states being attacked by Iran
On Elon Musk and Legal Arbitrage. A jaded lesson from revisiting a missed prediction
A New Approach to Algebra in 8th Grade Seems to Produce Big Benefits
Restricting Some Speech For Therapists is a Good Thing, Actually
The Generational Divide
There’s Another Big Reason Trump Is Stuck in the Gulf
The far-right Christians pushing Trump’s war — to bring on the apocalypse
In Hungarian election, Trump and Putin are backing Viktor Orban
Trump admin proposing ‘catastrophic’ cuts to the National Park Service

That was then, this is not now?

The 1941 Anglo-Soviet invasion destroyed Reza Shah — but not the Pahlavi state.  The two Allies — joined by the United States in December 1941 — realized that the Iranian state could be useful in achieving the two goals for which they had invaded the country: physical control over oil — the British nightmare in World War II, even more so than in World War I, was loss of these vital supplies: and a land “corridor” to the Soviet Union…To facilitate the flow of both oil to Britain and supplies to the Soviet Union, the Allies found it expedient to remove Reza Shah but to preserve his state…the Allies kept his state but engineered his removal in part to curry much-needed favor among Iranians.  “The Persians,” he wrote, “expect that we should at least save them from the Shah’s tyranny as compensation for invading their country.”

That is from Ervand Abrahamian’s A History of Modern Iran.

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Thoughts on a New Civic Contract

Yesterday I noted G. Elliott Morris’s argument that extremely poor consumer sentiment in the U.S. is no mystery once you look properly at what Americans mean when they talk about prices and inflation. In short, just because prices stopped going up in the second half of Joe Biden’s presidency didn’t mean the public stopped being mad about them going up (and staying up) in the first half of his term. I’m pretty certain that this explains a lot about what sank Biden’s presidency and the dynamics of the 2024 election. But does it explain what’s happening now? When I wrote yesterday’s post, TPM Reader SB agreed, but argued that it went beyond that — that the still-declining consumer sentiment, the extremely sour public mood goes beyond the post-COVID inflation shock. It’s also about extreme wealth inequality, SB argued. Then, this morning, Paul Krugman began what he says will be a series of posts on his Substack in which he argues that while he agrees with the “excess price” framework, he’s not sure it’s a sufficient explanation.

Krugman didn’t really get into what exactly he thinks it is. As I said, he said he’ll address it in a series of posts. But the gist is that there’s a larger politico-economic explanation that goes beyond how long people stay mad about prices. Krugman says he thinks the deepening sense of economic gloom is driven by the fact that the public was upset about inflation, voted to move in a direction and then had the new guy do basically everything he could to stoke more inflation into the economy and generally whipsaw the economy in 20 different directions for a series of bizarre and obscure ideological fascinations.

I’m not sure whether it’s income inequality or the bait-and-switch of the second Trump presidency. But I was never convinced that the oddities of the 2024 election were about right-wing media dominance. It’s part of the equation — but it’s not a sufficient or satisfying explanation. There’s a deeper breakdown of the civic contract. I’m not certain what that breakdown is. I have lots of ideas. But I’m cautious about my — and everyone’s — tendency to fill in the blank with what they want the answer to be, what fits our own preconceptions. So I’m curious to hear what Krugman proposes.

What I’m more clear on is that democracy, as we often think about it, is a thin vision. I think many of us grew up taking for granted that allotting political power on the basis of adult voting was an obvious good and efficiency. And with the growth of electoral democracies after the World War II, and then with the end of the Cold War, it was just a kind of unfolding process by which the rest of the people in the world either figured this out or had the opportunity to partake in it. Probably most of us would not put it quite so naively. But still, that’s kind of the backdrop of a lot of the post-Cold War era. The rule of feral billionaires, wealth inequality generally, the ebbing of a relative freedom to live full lives — all things that are eating away at confidence in public institutions and leaders. I’ve mentioned a number of times that the post-World War II and post-Cold War systems have been irrevocably broken. Something new has to be built on top of it. Functioning elections and baseline adherence to the rule of law aren’t sufficient. They’re the shell, the superstructure in which a certain kind of common, but plural American life is possible.

Where we got off track as a country was imagining that those were the whole thing. And that blinded us to a lot of internal rot and decay. These are the questions Democrats, or really the civic democratic opposition to Donald Trump, need to figure out to set the country on a new and better direction. A new civic contract is necessary. Things don’t stay divided and dark forever.

Saturday assorted links

1. Cato Handbook on affordability.

2. Are first-generation college students overrated?

3. No Detectable Economic Effect of Extreme Heat After Correcting for Dependence.  Here is analysis from Claude 4.7, link now fixed.

4. When Hayek visited Brazil.

5. AI and the early history of electricity.  Good claims.

6. Betting on how well various pundits predict the future.

7. On Jensen.

8. Ross Douthat (NYT) on lessons from Hungary.

The post Saturday assorted links appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Pete Hegseth Nailed It. No Really.

You’ve probably seen the story about how, at a DOD presentation, Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth quoted what he apparently thought was a bible verse but was in fact the faux biblicalism delivered by Samuel L. Jackson’s character, Jules Winnfield, in Pulp Fiction. There’s a lot here. Yes, the faux godly Hegseth should really be a bit more versed in the bible. But it’s really perfectly apt that he’s not. If you remember, Winnfield is a hitman, a killer, a man of meaningless violence. He wraps his murders in stylized bible verse imitations to give them some mix of giving them retributional ooomph and just for kicks. Is there any better description of Pete Hegseth? I can’t think of one. Hegseth’s brand of Christian nationalism is a permission structure for domination and violence. The biblical text is a source of handy quotes to the extent it advances those aims. But he’s neither smart enough nor serious enough to mine the text in any serious way. He’s just a different version of Jules Winnfield.

Reading bleg

What is the best and most sophisticated defense of architectural modernism, both from an aesthetic and a social point of view?

I thank you all in advance for your wisdom.

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Links 4/17/26

Links for you. Science:

Wildflower folk remedy shows modern potential for tackling antibiotic resistance
Remembering public health pioneer Barry Bloom: a scientist, a mentor, a mensch
Analysis: Why the research money isn’t flowing from NSF and NIH
Lyme disease vaccine shows over 70% efficacy in phase 3 trial
Why mathematicians are boycotting their biggest conference
World’s oldest dog identified at ancient hunter-gatherer site

Other:

Kristi Noem husband’s cross-dressing was ‘an open secret in DC’: While the ousted DHS secretary’s initial statement expressed shock, White House and Homeland Security officials had been gossiping about Bryon Noem’s alleged fetishes for months, according to a report (no outlet covered this while she was the head of our national security apparatus–and her husband could be blackmailed, which has national security implications.)
‘Amateur hour at the U.S. attorney’s office’: L.A. prosecutors face more losses in protest cases
Red Lobster Set to Bring Back Endless Shrimp That Drove It to Bankruptcy
Jews paused Indiana’s abortion ban — by turning a religious freedom law against the evangelical right
I Had the Literary Scoop of the Year. The New York Times Stole It from Me
More than 3,700 immigrants arrested during Operation Metro Surge, per new data
DHS staff celebrate as ‘glamour shots’ of Kristi Noem that lined the halls are finally removed
IN DEFENSE OF MIDDLE-CLASS WHITE RESISTERS, AND THE WORD “NORMIE”
How to Measure the Good Life
ICE Barbie’s Alleged Lover Fired in Middle of Exotic Getaway
American Airlines Center opens investigation into Nazi salute by Stars fans
Small Businesses Are Being Left Out of Tariff Refund Process, CBP Data Suggests
Is It Wrong to Write a Book with A.I.?
Over 9.9 Million Are Floored By This Tweet From A MAGA Voter Who Says Her Son Won’t Talk To Her Anymore
What Happened to the SPLC—and Me. Union breaking, Gaza, and fear of MAGA turned the SPLC into an organization that abandoned its own civil rights principles.
Grandmother Faces Trial in Alabama for Wearing Penis Costume to No Kings Protest
Blocking Trump’s replacements for Alito and/or Thomas
CBP: Border wall will go through National Butterfly Center
The most overlooked Epstein email
The Incel Global Order: modern autocracy as a cult of masculinity
Trump’s dollar coin is pathetic
Tenn. library director fired over refusal to move LGBTQ+ books to adult section
‘It’s been terrible’: Tough year for maple syrup production in Eastern Mass.
Their tiny church is on the cover of JD Vance’s new book. They don’t know him.
The secret life of Boston’s street corner fire alarm boxes
The Supreme Court Absolutely Shredded Trump’s Birthright Citizenship Case
Sorry, Pam Bondi. Trump has no loyalty
Fact-Checkers Anonymous: Getting a job at The New Yorker felt like an arbitrary stroke of luck. Getting fired was quite the opposite.
Christian Nationalism Is Thriving, and “We Should Be Concerned”
Tiger Woods Plus Donald Trump: A Tragedy Made in the USA


Artemis II pilot talks about what it was really like to fly and land in Orion

The crew of Artemis II spoke with the media on Thursday, six days after returning to Earth following their mission around the Moon. After a news conference, the astronauts gave a handful of interviews, and Ars was able to speak with Orion's pilot, Victor Glover.

Glover and Ars first connected nearly a decade ago as part of our homage to Apollo, The Greatest Leap. Glover now stands at the vanguard of our modern Apollo program, named Artemis, which aims to return humans to the Moon and establish a semi-permanent base there.

Glover, an accomplished naval aviator, first went to space in November 2020 as the pilot on the first operational Crew Dragon mission to the International Space Station. Two years after he landed back on Earth, Glover was assigned to the Artemis II mission and tasked with a majority of the test piloting of the Orion spacecraft during the outbound and return journey from the Moon.

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Hasan Piker is bad for the Democrats

The other day on X, leftist Twitch streamer Hasan Piker got into an argument with a commentator known as Swann Marcus. Marcus had scoffed at the notion of Piker trying to connect with blue-collar workers. In retaliation, Piker claimed that Marcus had written a “how to” manual about sex tourism in Asia:

As you can see, Community Notes quickly corrected Piker. The person who wrote the “how to” articles about sex tourism was actually a rightist influencer named Matt Forney. Apparently, some leftists had — intentionally or unintentionally — gotten Marcus mixed up with Forney because Marcus had made a documentary about Burmese missionaries. But Piker refused to delete his accusation against Marcus, even after being informed of his mistake.

Recently, a video resurfaced of Hasan Piker launching a profanity-laced tirade against a Vietnamese refugee named Bach Hac. The refugee complains of suffering under Vietnam’s communist regime. Piker responded by saying “Fuck you old lady. Shut the fuck up you stupid idiotic old lady. Suck my dick, old lady. God damn, Yo, fuck this refugee”. He then tells her to go back and live in “South Vietnam”. Piker later deleted the stream, but has never apologized.

During a recent speech at Yale, Hasan Piker declared that “The fall of the USSR was one of the greatest catastrophes of the 20th century.” This is an almost direct quote from Vladimir Putin, who said in 2005 that “The demise of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century.” This would be news, of course, to the countries that fought to escape Soviet communist rule, and whose economies flourished after the USSR’s collapse.

Recently, Ezra Klein wrote a New York Times op-ed urging Democrats to open a dialogue with Hasan Piker instead of trying to freeze him out of the party. The Times gave Klein’s post the headline “Hasan Piker is not the Enemy”. On a podcast, Piker then declared that Hamas is “1000 times better than Israel”. The New York Times promptly changed the headline of Ezra Klein’s post:

This kind of behavior is par for the course for Piker. Jeremiah Johnson had a good roundup back in December:

Infinite Scroll
Democrats have their own extremist problem
For the last few weeks, I’ve been grappling with one of the worst colds/flus I’ve had in my life. During that stretch, I leaned on one of my guilty internet pleasures - watching livestreamers on Twitch. The content on these streams is rarely good, but it’s often comfortingly bad, like the terrible daytime television I used to watch when I stayed home si…
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Some excerpts:

When questioned about China’s lack of LGBT rights, Hasan said the country is ‘gay as hell’ and defended the CCP banning gay dating apps as a ‘privacy issue’…He went on state television to talk about how great China is, and dismissed criticism of the CCP as ‘rumors’ and ‘misunderstandings’ and ‘lies’ that he wanted to help correct…He’s downplayed the genocide in Xinjiang, calling the concentration camps there ‘re-education’ camps and claiming they’re all closed now.2 He’s said that Chinese colonialism in Tibet was a good thing

He’s defended the idea of socialist re-education programs explicitly. He wishes the USSR had won the Cold War, he’s cool with Hezbollah, he thinks the Houthis are awesome and he’s used his platform to give a voice to literal, actual terrorists. He defended Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea, and while he doesn’t outright defend Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine he sure does spend a lot of time blaming the American government for somehow starting the conflict. He said that America deserved 9/11. He repeats neo-Nazi talking points about the Holocaust. He promotes political violence.

It should be pretty clear at this point what kind of guy Hasan is. His ideology is standard leftist “campism” — the idea that America is bad, and that any country or group that opposes America is therefore good. His style is that of a typical “shock jock” radio host — he says extreme and vulgar things in order to get attention and excite his listeners. It’s basically the same shtick that Michael Savage used back in the 2000s, but with the right-wing politics swapped out for Cold War-era anti-Americanism.

And yet Democrats and progressives are starting to treat this radio shock jock as an important voice in their party. Here’s what Ezra Klein had to say in his NYT post:

[P]ick over Piker’s years of streaming, and you can find offensive things he’s said.“…Streamer has said offensive things” isn’t really a news story…The impulse to cut off those with whom we disagree reaches far beyond Piker…It sits at the heart of cancellation as a political tactic. It relies on a belief in the power of gatekeepers that might have been true in an earlier age but no longer reflects the way attention is earned and held. Tucker Carlson was ejected from Fox News and grew stronger on X and YouTube. Nick Fuentes was banned from major social media platforms and gathered strength in the shadows. Trump went from being banned by every major social media platform to retaking the presidency.

According to Ezra’s line of thought here, the Republican Party and mainstream conservative institutions like Fox News would be smart to embrace Tucker Carlson and Nick Fuentes — and therefore the Democrats and mainstream liberals would be smart to embrace Hasan Piker.

Let’s think through the implications of that line of reasoning. If the mainstream should always include extremists in the conversation — if gatekeeping is useless and counterproductive — then all you have to do in order to force extremist ideas into mainstream discourse is to grab some attention. If you get a Twitch stream or a podcast and you start screaming that the Holocaust was fake, or that the USSR was good, etc., and you manage to get a decently big audience by doing this, you should now have a say in how the country is run.

The obvious problem with this idea is that it creates a competitive market for extremism. If being more extreme and profane and outrageous than the next guy is what gets attention, and if attention is what gets you influence in the Democratic Party or the GOP, then there’s a huge incentive for would-be influencers to be as extreme and outrageous as possible. Everyone will just keep one-upping their competitors until all the right-wing commentators are Hitler fans and all the left-wing commentators are Stalin apologists.

One could argue that this is exactly what has happened on the right, with the ascent of Carlson,1 Fuentes, Candace Owens, and similar rightist extremists. The Heritage Foundation’s embrace of Tucker Carlson and Nick Fuentes last year was very similar to Ezra Klein’s embrace of Piker; Heritage declared that although they disagreed with the ideas of Carlson and Fuentes, those commentators were so popular that they had to be allowed inside the mainstream debate.

But there’s another, less obvious problem with the idea of mainstreaming popular extremists. In the internet age, the bar for what counts as “popular” has been dramatically lowered. In the 1990s, Rush Limbaugh had between 15 and 27 million weekly listeners for his radio talk show. Nowadays, Tucker’s shows get about 1 million listeners. The internet has fragmented audiences, so that even the most popular commentators get a lot less attention than they used to.

This means we lower the bar for who we think of as “popular”. Hasan Piker’s stream gets about 6.5 million hours of attention per week. That’s about 10% of the viewership of Fox News’ Sean Hannity, and about a third of CNN’s Anderson Cooper. But Hasan is considered far and away the biggest political streamer, because streamers who talk about politics a lot just tend not to be that popular. Podcast audiences are harder to compare, but if we assume that about half of podcast downloads eventually get listened to, then Hasan is probably in the top 10 political commenters in the U.S., but not in the top 5. Joe Rogan — who, as Ezra points out, is not consistently conservative, but who supported Trump in 2024 — has many times Hasan’s audience.

International audiences lower the bar even further; only about half of Hasan’s audience is American. Ezra Klein is ready to embrace Piker as an important voice within the Democratic coalition based on his popular appeal, but a significant fraction of that appeal is to audiences who can’t even vote in American elections.

On top of all that, Piker gets a boost because as a left-wing talk show host, he’s a bigger fish in a smaller pond. Liberals tend to read the news, while conservatives are more likely to watch or listen to it. This is why there are relatively few right-wing writers, so the ones who rise to the top of the heap tend to be of lower quality. This is also why most of the top political podcasters, radio hosts, and TV commentators are right-wing. And this is probably why Hasan Piker can become an important influencer in the Democratic Party even as he declares he wouldn’t vote for Gavin Newsom over JD Vance.

All these structural factors can help explain why a cruel, vicious man like Hasan Piker, who supports totalitarian governments, spreads blatant lies about his critics, advocates political violence, makes excuses for terrorists, and vilifies the Democratic Party, can manage to shock, shout, and bully his way into being respected by mainstream progressives like Ezra Klein.

But there’s another important factor here, which is the content of Piker’s message. Whereas the leftist shock jocks of the previous cycle — self-described “dirtbags” like Chapo Trap House — tended to focus on economic issues, Hasan focuses squarely on foreign policy. And his main foreign policy focus is opposition to Israel.

Anti-Zionism is still taboo within the Democratic Party establishment, because of the Palestine movement’s association with antisemitism. But as Israel has done more and more bad things, grassroots anti-Israel sentiment has spread on both sides of the political aisle. In his post about Piker, Ezra talks a lot about the importance of including anti-Israel voices in the Democratic conversation:

We are living through a rupture in both the meaning and the reality of Israel. A Gallup poll from February found, for the first time, that more Americans sympathized with the Palestinians than with the Israelis. Among Democrats, the gap was overwhelming, with 65 percent who sympathized more with the Palestinians and 17 percent with the Israelis. The difference, as I have argued, is largely generational: Older Americans still view the Israelis more sympathetically, but among Americans ages 18 to 34, 53 percent sided with the Palestinians and 23 percent with the Israelis. This is new. Before 2023, young people and Democrats were more likely to side with the Israelis.

This is not the result of an international psy-op or a profusion of memes. The Israel that young people know is not the Israel that older people remember. It responded to the savagery of Oct. 7 by flattening Gaza in a brutal campaign that killed at least 70,000 Gazans, taking control of more than half of the territory and herding Gazans — more than two million people — into the remainder. Life there remains hellish. Israel has made hopes for a two-state solution fanciful by slicing the West Bank up into Israeli settlements and abetting constant settler violence and keeping a boot on the throat of the Palestinian Authority. It has used the Iran war as an opportunity to launch an invasion of Lebanon, displacing more than a million people and announcing that as many as 600,000 won’t be allowed to return to their homes until Israel decides otherwise. The Knesset just voted to legalize hanging as a punishment for Palestinians who are convicted of killing Israelis in terrorist attacks…

Israel, as it is behaving today, and as it is constructing itself for tomorrow, is incompatible with any normal understanding of liberal values…Anti-Zionism is rising as a response to what Israel is doing.

Ezra is right about Israel’s plummeting popularity in America:

Source: Pew
Source: Pew

And Ezra doesn’t even mention the fact that Netanyahu helped convince Trump to launch the disastrous Iran War, which has resulted in high oil and gas prices. Israel hasn’t just violated human rights and international norms against territorial conquest — it has been a highly problematic ally for the U.S., and is quickly becoming an outright liability.

American public opinion is slowly but inexorably turning; Ezra sees this, and is getting out in front of the shift. To some degree, he’s using Hasan Piker’s popularity, such as it is, as an excuse to advocate for a deeper, substantive policy shift — a turn away from staunch, reflexive U.S. support for Israel.

I view this as a mistake. If mainstream liberals want to drop their support for Israel, they should just do it on the merits. They should not bring in a guy like Hasan Piker to do it for them, because then they have to accept all the baggage that Piker brings with him. Mainstreaming Piker means that Democrats have to take seriously the notion that the Soviet Union were the good guys in the Cold War, that China and Russia are the good guys in the world today, and that America itself is — and has always been — an Evil Empire.

That message is likely to resonate poorly with many voters, especially older ones who remember a time before Trump and before the War on Terror. Pride in America has fallen significantly since Trump came on the scene, but that doesn’t mean the solution is to tell Americans that their country is the Great Satan. I doubt that Democrats and Independents want to destroy the U.S.; I think they want to restore and redeem it. Piker’s message is inimical to that goal.

And mainstreaming Piker and his anti-American ideology will inevitably lead to a deterioration in the quality of the people the Democrats elect and appoint to high office. This has absolutely happened with the Republicans. In 2024, the MAGA movement embraced the idea that America is an Evil Empire, spreading woke values around the world, and that we should realign ourselves with Russia. This led to the appointment of Tulsi Gabbard as the Director of National Intelligence, the end of most American support for Ukraine, the right-wing turn against Europe, and to the tearing up of most of America’s alliances. It notably did not lead to fewer American wars; it just led to dumber, more evil wars.

Why should Democrats willingly walk down this same path? Do we really want the next Democratic administration to have staffers and appointees who think the Soviets should have won the Cold War? Are we prepared to realign America towards China, as Trump has realigned us toward Russia, and for the backlash this would generate?

Maybe so, but I hope not. Instead of embracing anti-American shock jocks like Hasan Piker, mainstream liberals should simply levy their own criticisms of Israel instead. You don’t have to believe America is evil and communist empires are virtuous in order to say that Israel has become crueler, more totalitarian, and less reliable as an ally. Those arguments are easy to make within the framework of liberalism, instead of by embracing someone who says he wants a “post-liberal America”.

I’ve sat here for years and watched the Republicans embrace their worst extremists. I’ve watched as those extremists turned the right away from mainstream conservatism, and drove them to embrace insane, self-destructive ideas. I don’t want to see the Democrats do the same. Maybe the incentives of the social media age are just too powerful, and every major party is destined to be forced down this road. But I say we should keep trying to resist the extremist impulse for as long as we can.


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Note that Carlson used to be a mainstream conservative, and pivoted to rightist extremism when it gained him more views. This strongly suggests that it’s the incentives of the ecosystem, rather than the personal preferences of media personalities themselves, that drives the overall slant of popular commentary.

Friday Squid Blogging: New Giant Squid Video

Pretty fantastic video from Japan of a giant squid eating another squid.

As usual, you can also use this squid post to talk about the security stories in the news that I haven’t covered.

Blog moderation policy.

Rocket Report: Starship V3 test-fired; ESA's tentative step toward crew launch

Welcome to Edition 8.37 of the Rocket Report! NASA is still climbing down from the high of the Artemis II mission, the first flight by humans to the Moon since 1972. What a mission it was! Now, attention turns to completing development of a lander to get astronauts down to the Moon's surface. Among other things, we chronicle the latest progress of NASA's two lunar lander contractors, SpaceX and Blue Origin, in this week's Rocket Report.

As always, we welcome reader submissions. If you don't want to miss an issue, please subscribe using the box below (the form will not appear on AMP-enabled versions of the site). Each report will include information on small-, medium-, and heavy-lift rockets, as well as a quick look ahead at the next three launches on the calendar.

Moonshot from the last frontier. Israel-based space launch company Moonshot Space will site its first electromagnetic accelerator in Fairbanks, Alaska, under a memorandum of understanding signed at Space Symposium with spaceport operator Alaska Aerospace Corporation (AAC), Aviation Week & Space Technology reports. Moonshot, which emerged from stealth mode in December with $12 million in fundraising, is developing a high-power electromagnetic launcher system to propel payloads and enable cargo deliveries into space at hypersonic speed using electricity rather than chemical fuels, The Times of Israel reports.

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April 17, 2026

This morning, after a 10-day ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon took effect Thursday, Iran announced the Strait of Hormuz was open to commercial ships. Israel has been bombing southern Lebanon, where Iran-backed Hezbollah militants operate, and Iran’s leadership has said it would not recognize a ceasefire with the United States until Israel’s bombing of Lebanon stopped.

With Iran’s announcement the strait was open, Trump hit the media circle, announcing through interviews and social media posts that the war with Iran was over and peace talks were all but done, although Trump said the U.S. Navy will continue to blockade Iran’s ports. Ron Filipkowski of MeidasTouch noted that Trump posted thirteen times in an hour claiming total victory.

He claimed that Iranian leaders had “agreed to everything,” including the removal of its enriched uranium, and that “Iran has agreed never to close the Strait of Hormuz again.” He promised that Iran had agreed to end its nuclear program forever and that talks “should go very quickly.” He said that the United States would work with Iran at “a leisurely pace” to retrieve and capture Iran’s highly enriched uranium and that Iran would receive no money for its cooperation despite a report from Axios that the U.S. is considering the release of $20 billion in frozen Iranian funds in exchange for Iran giving up its stockpile of enriched uranium.

Right on cue the stock market jumped and the price of oil futures dropped. Trump declared the breakthrough was “A GREAT AND BRILLIANT DAY FOR THE WORLD!” and asked why media outlets questioning the alleged deal didn’t “just say, at the right time, JOB WELL DONE, MR. PRESIDENT?”

But, as Ashley Ahn of the New York Times reported, Iranian officials’ interpretation of events was quite different from Trump’s characterization. Iran’s top negotiator, speaker of parliament Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, posted on social media that Trump had made seven claims in an hour, and all seven of them were false. Iran rejected Trump’s claim that it had agreed to hand over its uranium stockpile, and also said that the strait was open for commercial vessels—not military ships—but would close again if the U.S. blockade continued.

Tonight on Air Force One, after the stock market closed, when asked if Iran would turn over its nuclear material, Trump said: “We’re taking it. We’re taking it. Very simple. We’re taking it. With Iran. We’re going in with Iran. We’re taking it. We will have it. I don’t call it boots on the ground. We’ll take it after the agreement is signed. After there— there’s a very big difference. Before and after. BC. It’s before, and after. And after the agreement is signed, it’s a lot different than before. We would have taken it. If we didn’t have an agreement, we would take it. But I don’t think we’ll have to.”

When a reporter asked Trump whether he would extend the ceasefire “if you don’t have a deal by Wednesday” when it ends, the president answered: “I don’t know. Maybe not. Maybe I won’t extend it. But the blockade is gonna remain. But maybe I won’t extend it. So you have a blockade, and unfortunately we’ll have to start dropping bombs again.”

While being able to announce the end of the Iran war—at least for now—relieves Trump’s immediate crisis, there are many others in the wings. This evening, an article in The Atlantic by Sarah Fitzpatrick portrayed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director Kash Patel as a poor manager who is terrified he is going to lose his job and whose overuse of alcohol, tendency to disappear, and purges of FBI agents who had investigated Trump endangers our national security. Fitzpatrick notes that Patel has kept his job thanks to his willingness to use the FBI to target Trump’s perceived enemies, but his focus on things like whether FBI merchandise looks “fierce” has made officials think “we don’t have a real functioning FBI director.”

Writ even larger than the behavior of the director of the FBI is the growing focus on corruption in the Trump administration. On Wednesday, House Democrats announced they have created a task force to reinforce ethics rules and highlight the Trump family’s self-dealing when in office. The task force is made up of members from across the country and from different caucuses in the Democratic Party. Representative Joe Morelle, a fellow New Yorker and close ally of House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries who is the top-ranking Democrat on the House Administration Committee, will lead the task force along with Kevin Mullin of California, Delia C. Ramirez of Illinois, and Nikema Williams of Georgia.

Also on the task force are the top-ranking Democrat on the House Oversight and Reform Committee, Robert Garcia of California, and the top-ranking Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, Jamie Raskin of Maryland, as well as Congressional Progressive Caucus members Greg Casar of Texas and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York and the head of the moderate New Democrat Coalition, Brad Schneider of Illinois.

They will be looking into self-dealing like Trump’s current negotiations with the Internal Revenue Service to settle the $10 billion lawsuit he filed against it after an IRS contractor during his first term leaked some of his tax information, along with that of more than 400,000 other taxpayers, to two news outlets during Trump’s first term. Trump, along with his sons Donald Jr. and Eric, said the leak caused “reputational and financial harm, public embarrassment, unfairly tarnished their business reputations, portrayed them in a false light, and negatively affected President Trump, and the other Plaintiffs’ public standing.”

Peter Nicholas of NBC News noted in February that $10 billion is more than 80% of last year’s IRS budget.

Fatima Hussein of the Associated Press notes that several watchdog organizations have filed briefs challenging Trump’s lawsuit. Democracy Forward argued that the case is “extraordinary because the President controls both sides of the litigation, which raises the prospect of collusive litigation tactics,” and that “the conflicts of interest make it uncertain whether the Department of Justice will zealously defend the public [treasury] in the same way that it has against other plaintiffs claiming damages for related events.”

On Wednesday, Democratic representatives Jamie Raskin of Maryland and Dave Min of California, along with Democratic senators Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and minority leader Chuck Schumer of New York, introduced the Ban Presidential Plunder of Taxpayer Funds Act to ban presidents and vice presidents from stealing taxpayer money.

Pointing to the Department of Justice’s recent settlement of $1.2 million with Trump’s former national security advisor Michael Flynn, who pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about his contacts with Russians before Trump took office, after he sued for $50 million on the grounds that the criminal case against him was malicious prosecution, Raskin warned of an “emerging MAGA grift of suing the government as a ‘plaintiff’ on bogus grounds and then settling the suit as a ‘defendant’ for big bucks.”

“Over the past 15 months, we have seen unprecedented corruption from this administration, but this new abuse of power of providing huge cash payments to ‘settle’ baseless lawsuits brought forward by Trump and his allies is a new low. The bill that Senator Warren, Leader Schumer, Ranking Member Raskin, and I are bringing forward would stop this backdoor bribery and bring some accountability back to the federal government,” said Representative Min.

In February, when the lawsuit came to public attention, Trump noted that it seemed odd for him to be negotiating with himself over the issue, but told reporters that he would give whatever monies he was awarded to charity. “We could make it a substantial amount,” he said. “Nobody would care because it’s going to go to numerous very good charities.”

Notes:

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/17/world/middleeast/trump-iran-war-truth-social-posts.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/04/17/hormuz-strait-reopens-iran-us-war/

https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/iran-war-us-trump-strait-of-hormuz-diplomacy-ceasefire/

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/16/trump-israel-lebanon-ceasefire-iran-war.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/2026/04/kash-patel-fbi-director-drinking-absences/686839/

https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2026/apr/17/middle-east-crisis-live-news-israel-lebanon-ceasefire-iran-war-us-latest-updates

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/starmer-macron-strait-of-hormuz-iran-war-trump-b2959902.html

https://www.axios.com/2026/04/17/iran-us-deal-20-billion-frozen-funds-uranium

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/house-democrats-attempt-anti-corruption-message-to-gain-traction-against-trump

Meidas+
Today in Politics, Bulletin 351. 4/17/26
… Trump made 13 posts in an hour today on Truth Social claiming total victory in the Iran War with the concepts of a peace agreement allegedly imminent. However, as with all things Trump, the reality and details never seem to match up with his claims. It appears that may be the case yet again…
Read more

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/17/world-reacts-to-the-opening-of-the-strait-of-hormuz-amid-us-iran-conflict

https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/25/irs-contractor-leaked-hundreds-of-thousands-of-returns-00205980

https://apnews.com/article/trump-treasury-irs-lawsuit-tax-whistleblower-c710244db618b066f3070a65e75820a5

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trumps-10-billion-suit-government-go-sideways-rcna257483

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ap-report-justice-department-settles-lawsuit-from-trump-ally-michael-flynn-for-1-2-million

https://democrats-judiciary.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/raskin-warren-schumer-min-introduce-new-bill-to-stop-president-vp-from-abusing-power-to-steal-taxpayer-funds

https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1156947/Strait-of-Hormuz-open-says-Iranian-foreign-minister

Bluesky:

meidastouch.com/post/3mjphsktvvs27

atrupar.com/post/3mjqksok2tp2h

atrupar.com/post/3mjqky7nhiv26

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The Republicans Seem Frantic

American Conversations: Representative Joe Morelle

The diffusion of space warfare: commercial satellites play a role in (everyone's) battlefield intelligence

There's now a vibrant market for real-time commercial satellite photos.  

Defense One has the story from the Persian Gulf:

US must adjust to Iran’s use of commercial satellite photos, Space Command says CENTCOM’s declaration of “space superiority” hasn’t prevented Tehran from putting space to use.
By Thomas Novelly

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colorado—Iran’s use of commercial space imagery to strike U.S. and allied targets will force the Pentagon to adjust, the head of U.S. Space Command said.

“We have to recognize that the rest of the world can now see the entire planet transparently and almost 24/7 and so we have to be able to operate in that environment successfully,” Gen. Stephen Whiting, the head of U.S. Space Command told reporters Tuesday during the Space Symposium conference here. "

Birthright Citizenship and Youth Crime

This paper studies the impact of birthright citizenship on youth crime. We leverage a German reform which automatically granted birthright citizenship to eligible immigrant children born in Germany after January 1, 2000 and administrative crime data from three federal states. We find that immigrant youth who acquired citizenship at birth are substantially less likely to engage in criminal activity, with estimates indicating a 70% reduction in crime. These results are particularly relevant in light of ongoing debates in the U.S. about abolishing birthright citizenship. Our findings suggest that inclusive citizenship policies can reduce crime and its associated costs, which in turn could strengthen social cohesion.

That is from a new NBER working paper by Leander AndresStefan BauernschusterGordon B. DahlHelmut Rainer Simone Schüller.

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SpaceX to attempt 600th Falcon booster landing amid West Coast Starlink mission

File: SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket stands at Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base ahead of the Starlink 17-31 mission on March 13, 2026. Image: SpaceX

Update: Launch has slipped to Sunday.

SpaceX is positioned to complete its 600th Falcon booster landing during a Starlink mission now planned for Sunday morning. The Falcon 9 rocket will fly on a south-southwesterly trajectory upon departure from Vandenberg Space Force Base.

A launch attempt on Saturday was postponed. SpaceX typically does not explain the cause of such delays.

The Starlink 17-22 mission will add another 25 broadband internet satellites into the company’s low Earth orbit constellation that consists of more than 10,200 spacecraft.

Liftoff of the Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East is now scheduled for Sunday, April 19 during a launch window that opens at 7 a.m. PDT (10am EDT / 1400 UTC).

Spaceflight Now will have live coverage beginning about 30 minutes prior to liftoff.

SpaceX will fly the mission using the Falcon 9i first stage booster with the tail number B1097, which will fly for a seventh time. It previously launched Sentinel-6B, Twilight, and five previous batches of Starlink satellites.

A little more eight minutes after liftoff, B1097 will land on the SpaceX drone ship, ‘Of Course I Still Love You.’ If successful, this will be the 191st landing on this vessel.

Follow-Up Regarding App Store Reviews, Which Are Definitely Busted

I wrote yesterday:

And the apps that do the right thing — like Godier’s Current — and never solicit a review like a needy hustler are penalized.

On Mastodon, Steven Troughton-Smith responded:

Review prompts are the difference between a great app getting five positive reviews, and thousands of positive reviews. I would never recommend to a developer to not implement the APIs. It’s App Store Editorial suicide for most apps, since Apple tends to only pick things up when they have that body of review data.

I can see how my describing not prompting for reviews as “the right thing” looks like I’m suggesting developers should not prompt for reviews. That wasn’t my intention.

You have to play the game as the game stands, and Apple controls the game. And in the game as it stands, apps need 5-star reviews to gain traction in the App Store, perhaps especially so for apps in crowded categories. And for most apps, the only way to achieve that is through prompting. But it’s still the right thing to do, by users, not to do it.

That’s the problem with how Apple has set this up — to be competitive, apps need to do the wrong thing. I’m a competitive bastard. If I had an app in the App Store today, I’d almost certainly prompt for reviews. That’s the game. I admire developers who refuse to play this part of the game. It’s noble. But it’s not a winning strategy. I want Apple to fix the game — that’s the only real solution.

The system is so twisted that even Apple itself begs for these reviews from its own apps, even the system apps built into iOS. When else does Apple ever ask for anything? It looks needy and pathetic. Real Gil Gunderson vibes.

The funny thing is, this morning while I was reading the Mastodon thread with Troughton-Smith’s post, Ivory prompted me for a rating. Which I dutifully submitted. 5 stars, of course. Which brings me to another follow-up point. A few readers have emailed to object to the argument that it hurts developers to give apps anything short of a 5-star rating. (A few of these readers are from Germany, no surprise.) It’s logical, I agree, that a 4-star rating ought to be considered fair and just for a good app with obvious room for improvement. But anything short of 5 stars pulls down any good app’s average, because the overwhelming majority of users who rate apps only ever assign 5 stars for apps they like, or 1 star for apps they’re angry about. In a system where the overwhelming majority of users only ever assigns 1 or 5 stars, assigning 4 stars is effectively a mildly negative review. That sucks. Apple should fix it. But until they do (which, let’s face it, they probably won’t), obstinately ignoring that this is how App Store ratings work does not help good apps get the attention you think you’re helping them get with a 4-star rating.

 ★ 

Apple’s Developer Guidelines for Ratings and Review Prompts

Apple Design:

Avoid pestering people. Repeated rating requests can be irritating, and may even negatively influence people’s opinion of your app. Consider allowing at least a week or two between requests, prompting again after people demonstrate additional engagement with your experience.

Prefer the system-provided prompt. iOS, iPadOS, and macOS offer a consistent, nonintrusive way for apps and games to request ratings and reviews. When you identify places in your experience where it makes sense to ask for feedback, the system checks for previous feedback and — if there isn’t any — displays an in-app prompt that asks for a rating and an optional written review. People can supply feedback or dismiss the prompt with a single tap or click; they can also opt out of receiving these prompts for all apps they have installed. The system automatically limits the display of the prompt to three occurrences per app within a 365-day period. For developer guidance, see RequestReviewAction.

There are a lot of apps that eschew a lot of these guidelines. I mean, how do you avoid pestering people when the entire idea of an alert asking for a rating/review is, by nature, pestering? It’s an oxymoron, like saying “Don’t pester people when you pester them.”

I actually knew about the system setting to opt out of these prompts. On iOS it’s in Settings → Apps → App Store: In-App Ratings & Reviews. On MacOS, it’s in the App Store app’s Settings window. On both platforms, it’s on by default. This is one of several settings that I would change, personally, but choose not to, as a critic / pundit / know-it-all, so as to have more of the standard experience that most users get. If you’re annoyed by these prompts though, you should feel free to turn them off.

 ★ 

Emergent Ventures India, 16th cohort

Roumak Das, a grade 11 student from West Bengal, and Samik Goyal, a 12th grader from Patiala, received their grants to travel to the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence 2025 in Beijing, where Roumak won a gold medal and Samik a silver medal. Roumak’s grant also supports his college applications, and Samik’s grant supports SPOI, dedicated to teaching informatics to school students.

Ishaan Gangwani, 17, received his grant to develop InkVell, an AI-native LaTeX editor, and to support his travel to the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence 2025 in Beijing.

Ronald Abraham received a career development grant for Veeraa, to build a crowdfunding and growth platform for India’s community leaders.

Tristan Wagner received his grant to explore low-cost autoinjectors for treating anaphylaxis and snakebite envenoming in India.

Michael Grasa received his grant to test a transparent, falsifiability-first approach to decoding the Indus Valley script, releasing versioned overlays and open datasets for replication or refutation.

Jasraj Budigam, 16, received his grant to develop CapNav-Lite, an adaptive AI navigation system that personalizes power-wheelchair control to each user within minutes on everyday hardware.

Mannat Kaur, 17, freshman at Stanford University, received her grant to continue developing research on wastewater recycling and its integration into the built environment and low-carbon housing.

Vineela Upadhyayula, Hari Krishna Upadhyayula, and Phani Madhav Upadhyayula received their grant for NeuraEase, to build a wearable-driven AI detection and management of acute dysregulation events in neurodivergence and neurological disorders, including autistic meltdowns.

Arnav Kumar and Gavneesh, cofounders of Vyobha Aerospace, received their grant to build regional eVTOL aircraft with fractional ownership at the cost of a car.

Aditya Raj Chopra, a high school senior, received a general career development grant.

Ansh Mishra, 17, received his grant to build reliable and accessible bionic prosthetic hands.

Vasu Dubey, 22, received his grant to build a machine-learning-based medical device for speech restoration in laryngectomy patients.

Snehadeep Kumar, 21, received his grant for Nebula Space Organisation, to build ultra-low-cost Earth-imaging CubeSats and a global imagery platform that makes space data accessible to everyone.

Uttam Singh and Ayush Das received their grant for Nakshatra Maps, to help people navigate indoor and outdoor public spaces with dynamic hyperlocal interactive maps, AR navigation, and smart emergency evacuation.

Mankaran Singh received his grant to build frictionless human-robot interaction for machines operating in human-centric environments.

Sommaiya Angrish, 21, an alt Hindi-pop musician, received his grant to work on his third album, rooted in his personal healing journey.

Achyut Tiwari, 24, received his grant for GeoLiquefy, an AI system forecasting earthquake-related soil liquefaction from geotechnical data for engineers, insurers, and risk assessors.

Devayan Das, 19, a biotech undergraduate, received his grant to develop dissolvable tissue culture nutrient blocks that simplify lab workflows and turn lab prep into a plug-and-play process.

Ayush Kale, a materials engineer, received his grant for EarthSprint Solutions, to transform agricultural waste into low-carbon, high-performance cement blocks.

Mohd Fahad Eqbal, 24, received his grant for Chakraswap, to scale an affordable battery swap network for e-rickshaw drivers.

Satyamedh Hulyalkar received his grant to develop a LoRa-based self-healing mesh network for agricultural and monitoring use cases.

Shivam Parashar received his grant for GreenScore, to build an industrial effluent monitoring system combining machine learning and IoT to keep Indian rivers clean.

Anand Unni received his grant for Nayaneethi Policy Collective, to develop a public policy curriculum and a community of public policy thinkers and analysts in Kerala, and strengthen the demand side of public policy.

Those unfamiliar with Emergent Ventures can learn more here and here. The EV India announcement is here. More about the winners of EV India second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth cohorts. To apply for EV India, use the EV application, click the “Apply Now” button and select India from the “My Project Will Affect” drop-down menu.

And here is Nabeel’s AI engine for other EV winners. Here are the other EV cohorts.

If you are interested in supporting the India tranche of Emergent Ventures, please write to me or to Shruti at srajagopalan@mercatus.gmu.edu.

TC: This post is from Shruti, and I thank her for her amazing work on this!

The post Emergent Ventures India, 16th cohort appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Adding a new content type to my blog-to-newsletter tool

Agentic Engineering Patterns >

Here's an example of a deceptively short prompt that got a lot of work done in a single shot.

First, some background. I send out a free Substack newsletter around once a week containing content copied-and-pasted from my blog. I'm effectively using Substack as a lightweight way to allow people to subscribe to my blog via email.

I generate the newsletter with my blog-to-newsletter tool - an HTML and JavaScript app that fetches my latest content from this Datasette instance and formats it as rich text HTML, which I can then copy to my clipboard and paste into the Substack editor. Here's a detailed explanation of how that works.

I recently added a new type of content to my blog to capture content that I post elsewhere, which I called "beats". These include things like releases of my open source projects, new tools that I've built, museums that I've visited (from niche-museums.com) and other external content.

I wanted to include these in the generated newsletter. Here's the prompt I ran against the simonw/tools repository that hosts my blog-to-newsletter tool, using Claude Code on the web.

This got me the exact solution I needed. Let's break down the prompt.

Clone simonw/simonwillisonblog from github to /tmp for reference

I use this pattern a lot. Coding agents can clone code from GitHub, and the best way to explain a problem is often to have them look at relevant code. By telling them to clone to /tmp I ensure they don't accidentally end up including that reference code in their own commit later on.

The simonw/simonwillisonblog repository contains the source code for my Django-powered simonwillison.net blog. This includes the logic and database schema for my new "beats" feature.

Update blog-to-newsletter.html to include beats that have descriptions - similar to how the Atom everything feed on the blog works

Referencing blog-to-newsletter.html is all I need here to tell Claude which of the 200+ HTML apps in that simonw/tools repo it should be modifying.

Beats are automatically imported from multiple sources. Often they aren't very interesting - a dot-release bug fix for one of my smaller open source projects, for example.

My blog includes a way for me to add additional descriptions to any beat, which provides extra commentary but also marks that beat as being more interesting than those that I haven't annotated in some way.

I already use this as a distinction to decide which beats end up in my site's Atom feed. Telling Claude to imitate that saves me from having to describe the logic in any extra detail.

Run it with python -m http.server and use `uvx rodney --help` to test it - compare what shows up in the newsletter with what's on the homepage of https://simonwillison.net

Coding agents always work best if they have some kind of validation mechanism they can use to test their own work.

In this case I wanted Claude Code to actively check that the changes it made to my tool would correctly fetch and display the latest data.

I reminded it to use python -m http.server as a static server because I've had issues in the past with applications that fetch data and break when served as a file from disk instead of a localhost server. In this particular case that may not have been necessary, but my prompting muscle memory has python -m http.server baked in at this point!

I described the uvx rodney --help trick in the agentic manual testing chapter. Rodney is browser automation software that can be installed using uvx, and that has --help output designed to teach an agent everything it needs to know in order to use the tool.

I figured that telling Claude to compare the results in the newsletter to the content of my blog's homepage would be enough for it to confidently verify that the new changes were working correctly, since I had recently posted content that matched the new requirements.

You can see the full session here, or if that doesn't work I have an alternative transcript showing all of the individual tool calls.

The resulting PR made exactly the right change. It added an additional UNION clause to the SQL query that fetched the blog's content, filtering out draft beats and beats that have nothing in their note column:

...
union all
select
  id,
  'beat' as type,
  title,
  created,
  slug,
  'No HTML' as html,
  json_object(
    'created', date(created),
    'beat_type', beat_type,
    'title', title,
    'url', url,
    'commentary', commentary,
    'note', note
  ) as json,
  url as external_url
from blog_beat
where coalesce(note, '') != '' and is_draft = 0
union all
...
And it figured out a mapping of beat types to their formal names, presumably derived from the Django ORM definition that it read while it was exploring the reference codebase:
const beatTypeDisplay = {
  release: 'Release',
  til: 'TIL',
  til_update: 'TIL updated',
  research: 'Research',
  tool: 'Tool',
  museum: 'Museum'
};
Telling agents to use another codebase as reference is a powerful shortcut for communicating complex concepts with minimal additional information needed in the prompt.

Tags: ai, llms, prompt-engineering, coding-agents, ai-assisted-programming, generative-ai, agentic-engineering, github

Join us at PyCon US 2026 in Long Beach - we have new AI and security tracks this year

This year's PyCon US is coming up next month from May 13th to May 19th, with the core conference talks from Friday 15th to Sunday 17th and tutorial and sprint days either side. It's in Long Beach, California this year, the first time PyCon US has come to the West Coast since Portland, Oregon in 2017 and the first time in California since Santa Clara in 2013.

If you're based in California this is a great opportunity to catch up with the Python community, meet a whole lot of interesting people and learn a ton of interesting things.

In addition to regular PyCon programming we have two new dedicated tracks at the conference this year: an AI track on Friday and a Security track on Saturday.

The AI program was put together by track chairs Silona Bonewald (CitableAI) and Zac Hatfield-Dodds (Anthropic). I'll be an in-the-room chair this year, introducing speakers and helping everything run as smoothly as possible.

Here's the AI track schedule in full:

(And here's how I scraped that as a Markdown list from the schedule page using Claude Code and Rodney.)

You should come to PyCon US!

I've been going to PyCon for over twenty years now - I first went back in 2005. It's one of my all-time favourite conference series. Even as it's grown to more than 2,000 attendees PyCon US has remained a heavily community-focused conference - it's the least corporate feeling large event I've ever attended.

The talks are always great, but it's the add-ons around the talks that really make it work for me. The lightning talks slots are some of the most heavily attended sessions. The PyLadies auction is always deeply entertaining. The sprints are an incredible opportunity to contribute directly to projects that you use, coached by their maintainers.

In addition to scheduled talks, the event has open spaces, where anyone can reserve space for a conversation about a topic - effectively PyCon's version of an unconference. I plan to spend a lot of my time in the open spaces this year - I'm hoping to join or instigate sessions about both Datasette and agentic engineering.

I'm on the board of the Python Software Foundation, and PyCon US remains one of our most important responsibilities - in the past it's been a key source of funding for the organization, but it's also core to our mission to "promote, protect, and advance the Python programming language, and to support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python programmers".

If you do come to Long Beach, we'd really appreciate it if you could book accommodation in the official hotel block, for reasons outlined in this post on the PSF blog.

Tags: conferences, open-source, pycon, python, ai, psf

datasette 1.0a28

Release: datasette 1.0a28

I was upgrading Datasette Cloud to 1.0a27 and discovered a nasty collection of accidental breakages caused by changes in that alpha. This new alpha addresses those directly:

  • Fixed a compatibility bug introduced in 1.0a27 where execute_write_fn() callbacks with a parameter name other than conn were seeing errors. (#2691)
  • The database.close() method now also shuts down the write connection for that database.
  • New datasette.close() method for closing down all databases and resources associated with a Datasette instance. This is called automatically when the server shuts down. (#2693)
  • Datasette now includes a pytest plugin which automatically calls datasette.close() on temporary instances created in function-scoped fixtures and during tests. See Automatic cleanup of Datasette instances for details. This helps avoid running out of file descriptors in plugin test suites that were written before the Database(is_temp_disk=True) feature introduced in Datasette 1.0a27. (#2692)

Most of the changes in this release were implemented using Claude Code and the newly released Claude Opus 4.7.

Tags: datasette

Lies, Damned Lies and Economic Vibes

A graph with blue lines

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

According to Donald Trump, the U.S. economy is doing great. We’re enjoying a huge boom, there’s no inflation, and we’re all getting tax cuts. We have prosperity like nobody has ever seen before.

But it’s probably not news to you that reality doesn’t agree. Inflation was stubbornly elevated even before the Iran debacle, while growth has been sluggish. Jobs for entry-level workers are hard to find while mortgage and car loan rates are up. Gas-pump prices are above $4 on average and around 10 million Americans are projected to lose health insurance by 2028. Yet the one economic variable that stands out, that really is like nothing anyone has ever seen before,is consumer confidence: The long-running University of Michigan index of consumer sentiment just hit its lowest point ever recorded.

And that’s a puzzle. Obviously, I’m no defender either of Trump’s policies or of his lies. But while the U.S. economy isn’t nearly as good as he claims, it’s objectively not bad enough to justify the worst consumer sentiment in history — worse than during the stagflation at the end of the 1970s, worse than in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis.

Warning: Today’s post is wonkier than usual, at least in tone. It basically ends with a question mark. My main goal today is to share a puzzle with readers and explain why I’m not satisfied with the answers smart people — especially two of my favorite data analysis gurus, Jared Bernstein and G. Elliott Morris — are offering. They argue that it’s all about the level of prices. While that is certainly an important factor, I believe that there is more to the story. I believe that the current extremely negative sentiment is a result of Americans’ correct sense that they have been lied to. To discuss this fully will take a couple of posts. So today I will introduce the puzzle and enlarge on the range of explanations in the next post.

Start with the puzzle: Why are Americans so down on an economy that, while not the greatest, isn’t terrible by the usual measures? This isn’t a new question: Kyla Scanlon coined the term “vibecession” in 2022 for a situation in which people feel bad about an economy that doesn’t look that bad by the numbers. But the puzzle has intensified over time, both because the bad feelings have gotten worse and because the vibecession has been so persistent.

Historically, consumer sentiment tracked objective measures of the state of the economy. In fact, you could predict sentiment fairly well using just one variable: the so-called “misery index,” the sum of inflation and the unemployment rate. Here, using annual averages (and the first three months of 2026) is what the relationship between the misery index and consumer sentiment has looked like since 1990:

You can get an even better fit to pre-Covid consumer sentiment by adding other economic variables, such as the performance of the stock market. But any way you cut it, since 2022 Americans have felt much worse about the economy than conventional economic measures say they “should.” Moreover, that pessimism has gotten worse over time: consumer sentiment is much worse now than it was in 2023 and 2024.

Many observers have attempted to explain these unusually bad feelings by claiming that the economy is worse than it looks, especially for working-class families. Going through those arguments would take me too far afield right now. But let me just say that some of those arguments, like claiming that ordinary workers didn’t share in the post-Covid recovery, are just wrong. Others, like pointing to much higher interest rates on mortgages and other loans, have validity. But they aren’t sufficient to explain why consumer sentiment is now worse than it was under stagflation and mass unemployment.

So what does explain the current dismal consumer sentiment? Both Bernstein and Morris argue that it’s about the price level as opposed to the rate of inflation.

The chart below illustrates what they mean. It shows the log of the Consumer Price Index since 2014. I use the log because this means that a given vertical distance always corresponds to the same percentage change, and the slope of the line shows the rate of inflation:

A graph showing a price increase

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

The U.S. experienced a bout of high inflation in 2021-22, largely because of disruptions to supply chains in the aftermath of Covid, plus fallout from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This inflation spurt ended as supply chains became unsnarled and oil prices stabilized, and inflation since 2023 has been only modestly higher than it was pre-Covid. However, prices have never come back down and have remained persistently higher than the pre-2020 trend would have predicted.

And the story is that consumers aren’t fully mollified by the fact that inflation — the rate at which prices are rising — has slowed. They’re angry and upset that the level of prices remains much higher than they expected.

Both Bernstein and Morris find that if one adds a price-level variable to an equation predicting consumer sentiment, it tracks the data well. Morris concludes,

When it comes to how Americans feel about the economy today, whether you are measuring using objective structural price data or the polls, it’s the prices, stupid.

Why am I not fully convinced by this explanation? I have three questions:

First, does correlation imply causation? Consumer sentiment fell off a cliff after 2020. Also, prices surged after 2020. But lots of things changed with Covid. How sure are we that the second observation explains the first? Morris points to other survey data that support the prices to confidence link, but we’re still talking about basically one observation, which is always problematic.

Or to use a bit of jargon, is including the jump in prices in your equation just introducing a dummy variable? That is, is it simply a marker that something changed, but not a clear indication of what?

Second, shouldn’t this story have a sell-by date? The big price surge began five years ago. That’s a long time. Do you remember what groceries cost in April 2021? I don’t, not really. At some point one would expect people to recalibrate their expectations of what things “should” cost. Yet the vibecession is if anything deepening with the passage of time.

Third, what about Morning in America? Joe Biden presided over rapidly falling inflation for the second half of his term, yet received no credit because, we’re told, people were upset that prices hadn’t actually come down. But you know who else presided over falling inflation but a still-rising price level? Ronald Reagan. Here’s what happened to the overall level of consumer prices during Reagan’s first term and the Biden presidency:

A graph with a line going up

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

The two presidents’ track records on prices were almost identical. Yet Reagan ran a triumphant reelection campaign on the theme that it was Morning in America, while the Biden economy was vilified. What was that about?

Jared is too good an economist to be unaware of this puzzle. He has shared with me a draft of a forthcoming paper with Daniel Posthumus, in which they do indeed find that the level of prices historically didn’t matter the way it seems to now. They suggest that the long era of relatively low inflation since the mid-1980s may have made people more sensitive to price shocks:

Our findings suggest that a huge storm after a long calm can be more upsetting to people who are not used to bad weather.

Indeed. But why has consumer sentiment gotten so much worse over the past year, even as the low prices people remember recede further into the past?

My speculative answer is that it has a lot to do with the lies of 2024. Remember, millions voted for Trump because he promised to reduce grocery prices “on Day One” and promised to cut energy bills in half. Now they know that they were had.

To be continued …

MUSICAL CODA

Europa Missions

Before resurfacing, they promise to inspect the ice for any evidence of hockey-playing life.

Eleventy

11ty in a pastoral setting

When I started this blog in 2011, I built it using Jekyll. Jekyll served me well for fifteen years. It was fast enough, and though it would take me an hour or two to get the system reinstalled when I switched laptops, it mostly just worked. But late last year, I was in the midst of updating all of my local installations to the latest versions of their runtimes, and when I tried to update Jekyll to Ruby 4, it wouldn't go. The Jekyll project did eventually merge support for Ruby 4 (a one-line fix) in February , but I took this as a sign to get going.

I probably could have kept on with Jekyll for another few years, but there's no denying the project has slowed down, and my optimization stack for this blog has gotten a little more complicated - it'd be nice to use a tool more optimization-minded and simplify my toolchain.

So: I switched to 11ty. Or, as it is about to be called Build Awesome. I switched and started to write this blog post before all of the hubbub: I have some thoughts, but that's not the point.

Why eleventy for macwright.com?

The 800 pound gorilla is Astro, not Eleventy. There are lots of other static site generators, like hakyll (in Haskell) or dodeca (in Rust). I could build one myself, as many have before.

For this site, I don't have any other stakeholders. I don't have to onboard anyone to new tech, or impress anyone with my decisions. There are a few simple priorities for this website:

  1. Simplicity
  2. Longevity
  3. Speed

I care about both internal and external simplicity: both the simplicity of the API as well as the implementation. This is because for any tool, I expect it to break, and I want to be able to open it up and find the problem. It's also a key factor because complex projects are dramatically harder to maintain, so they tend to have lower longevity if they don't achieve dominance.

Longevity is hard to predict. The Lindy Effect is a good shortcut:

the future life expectancy of some non-perishable thing, like a technology or an idea, is proportional to its current age

But in tech, the newest solution could also be the best one. You have to do a little bit of predicting. Large contributor bases are also indicative, but only if they represent multiple entities. A project with lots of contributors from the same company can get quiet very quickly if they lay everyone off. It also counts if the project has survived multiple changes in control and power.

For this website, I care more about end-user speed than development speed. Whether it takes 100ms to preview a Markdown change for me doesn't matter as much as how long a pageload takes for a reader. Most static site generators are pretty fast if you don't do silly things anyway. In my experience, SSGs that were "slow to build" had nested loops that soaked up most of the time.

Eleventy checks enough of these boxes. The contributor base is quite small, but Zach is very persistent and has been through it all. It's both fast to build websites, and has lots of tools for optimizing websites - tools that let me replace custom code I had written for macwright.com. And, in sharp contrast to Astro, it is written with internal simplicity as a priority. It is both a small project in terms of lines-of-code, and it is also not dependent on mega-dependencies. A fresh install of Astro includes 246 dependencies, including Vite and esbuild. Eleventy includes about half - 116 dependencies, and they weigh 14.6MB instead of 87.9MB.

I think Eleventy could be even simpler (and made a small PR in that direction while writing this post) by cutting some old dependencies with unnecessary micro-dependencies in them. The e18e project to remove and shrink dependencies is so needed!

SSGs are a tough way to make a living

Of course, there's the news: Eleventy is now Build Awesome. This comes on the tails of lots of similar announcements from other projects:

Because these are open source projects, the word "acquired" deserves an asterisk: usually they're hiring the team, maybe getting the trademark, and whatever business lines were there.

Zach got a bit of heat for this move. I agree that 'Build Awesome' sounds millenial and Eleventy was a cooler name. The rebrand was odd.

But overall, I get it. You can't slowly trickle out a big strategy and product launch and consult everyone. Eleventy fits fairly well with the rest of the Web Awesome products: icons, web components, and a static site builder. They're all good web tools in the traditionalist rather than frontend-maximalist vein.

I think as we've seen, it's also extraordinarily difficult to monetize low-level tooling, in large part because every developer is ready to start building their own SSG for any reason or no reason at all because it sounds like a fun side-project. You can monetize higher-level content tooling - Kirby, Sanity, and a few other site generators with a CMS component have done that and built small, sustainable businesses. But something in the exact shape of Eleventy doesn't work as a small product business. You'd have to do services, at the bare minimum.

So, the outcomes are kind of like:

  1. They get acquired by some large, possibly public company as a way to increase the platform for their hosting / CDN product. This is the fate of Astro, Nuxt, Gatsby, Remix, and to some extent, Begin. Jekyll was this from the start: it was created by Tom Preston-Warner at GitHub and was the jet fuel for making GitHub Pages a success.
  2. The maintainer never goes full time and has some lightweight day job or indirect way of making money. This I also heavily associate with the pleasure of living in a country with a strong welfare state and affordable healthcare. I really appreciate how much long-term, high-quality software comes out of this scenario but cannot emphasize how bad it is to buy your healthcare on the exchanges every month.
  3. They attempt to build a company around it, directly related to the tool. Remix did this early on, selling licenses, and Astro attempted to launch some products. Eleventy is trying this out, in combination with launching a CMS and some other features.

It's not easy: you can't achieve #2 if you live in America and have a family, and #1 is perhaps an 'ignorance is bliss' kind of solution in that open source isn't really sustainable if it's only a loss-leader.

Eleventy so far

So anyway, I've been using Eleventy since January, how is it going?

Mostly good! Some highlights include using the Image plugin to optimize my images even more than they used to be optimized, and pulling HTML minification straight into the build process with a little optimize plugin. Building the site is a bit faster than it used to be, and using Eleventy's powerful-but-confusing directory data files, I've been able to simplify each blog post, using directories instead of frontmatter for categories.

Templating is fun: using Vento templates is mostly great because they let me write arbitrary JavaScript in templates. And unlike Liquid, they don't quietly fail.

WebC is a source of joy and pain for me. In one sense, it's an absolutely golden tool: it lets you embed components in pages with server-side rendering, automatic bundling, and excellent performance. It's simple, too! The package is small because it doesn't pull in a big JavaScript transpiler like esbuild. I used WebC recently for the chart on In the Atmosphere and the demo in Color dithering.

But there is pain, too. It's a very unique tool with lots of constraints, and if you mess something up it fails hard. The documentation merely gestures at its potential and leaves lots and lots of questions unanswered. I think it could be amazing and is already quite good, but it needs a lot more love, as Zach admitted in a recent talk.

For both WebC and Eleventy, I have mixed feelings about the non-adoption of TypeScript. WebC had a bug that would be trivially identified by TypeScript or even just a linter. I think the tooling for these projects could be a bunch better.

But complaining is overrated: I've been trying to contribute to the projects. Mostly this means contributing to the documentation, which could still use a lot of work. The commercialization of Eleventy complicates this, which is partially why I've been stalled on documentation updates since February: it opens the question of whether there'll be some great, paid documentation contributor swooping in and making everything I do irrelevant. Maybe the Kickstarter campaign will do really well and there'll be multiple funded maintainers, or at least Zach will be comfortably full-time. I hope that at least it frees up enough time for 11ty and all if its related projects to get lots of pull requests reviews and merged, because unfortunately the pace there has been slow.


Should you use Eleventy? Maybe! Building a new static site generator from scratch is fun, but participating in a community and improving a popular tool is enriching in a totally different way.

Eleventy has a lot less buzz than Astro. And it has a lot of its own issues. But like other software, it's an expression of a vision and a bunch of values, and a lot of that resonates with me. I hope that it's the right kind of software, and I'll still be using it in 15 years.

Oh, and if you're excited about the Build Awesome launch, sign up for its Kickstarter. I'll probably chip in a few bucks too.

Friday 17 April 1663

Up by five o’clock as I have long done and to my office all the morning, at noon home to dinner with my father with us. Our dinner, it being Good Friday, was only sugarsopps and fish; the only time that we have had a Lenten dinner all this Lent.

This morning Mr. Hunt, the instrument maker, brought me home a Basse Viall to see whether I like it, which I do not very well, besides I am under a doubt whether I had best buy one yet or no, because of spoiling my present mind and love to business.

After dinner my father and I walked into the city a little, and parted and to Paul’s Church Yard, to cause the title of my English “Mare Clausum” to be changed, and the new title, dedicated to the King, to be put to it, because I am ashamed to have the other seen dedicated to the Commonwealth.

So home and to my office till night, and so home to talk with my father, and supper and to bed, I have not had yet one quarter of an hour’s leisure to sit down and talk with him since he came to town, nor do I know till the holidays when I shall.

Read the annotations

D2D services are at risk of becoming too complicated and siloed

At the recent Mobile World Conference 2026 in Barcelona, the strong presence of Direct-to-Device (D2D) satellite services and the avalanche of press releases related to contracts signed between D2D satellite service providers and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) gave the impression that large scale implementation of D2D services by MNOs is imminent. However, the truth is […]

The post D2D services are at risk of becoming too complicated and siloed appeared first on SpaceNews.

Qingzhou prototype cargo spacecraft completes rendezvous tests in orbit

China has conducted rendezvous and proximity operations tests involving a prototype cargo spacecraft and a satellite in a step towards low-cost orbital infrastructure.

The post Qingzhou prototype cargo spacecraft completes rendezvous tests in orbit  appeared first on SpaceNews.

India’s TakeMe2Space sets sights on 50-kilowatt data center

COLORADO SPRINGS – After announcing a $5 million seed round in January, Indian startup TakeMe2Space seeks to raise $55 million to establish a 50-kilowatt orbital data center. “What is key for us is to demonstrate that we can play the orbital data center game globally,” TakeMe2Space founder Ronak Kumar Samantray told SpaceNews. “There’s a lot […]

The post India’s TakeMe2Space sets sights on 50-kilowatt data center appeared first on SpaceNews.

Countering missile threats ‘left of launch’

COLORADO SPRINGS – U.S. government agencies are working with industry to develop tools to disrupt missiles before they take flight, a timespan called ‘left of launch.’ “We’re looking at different aspects of the threat as it evolves,” Erich Hernandez-Baquero, Raytheon Intelligence and Space vice president of space intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, said at the Space Symposium. […]

The post Countering missile threats ‘left of launch’ appeared first on SpaceNews.

Hormuz is (apparently) unblocked. Energy markets remain a mess

Mines, mistrust and missing ships will keep markets tight for months

NorthStar to go public via SPAC to expand space-based SSA network

NorthStar Earth and Space plans to raise funds to expand the space-based sensor network behind its space situational awareness business by merging with Viking Acquisition Corp. I, a publicly listed shell company.

The post NorthStar to go public via SPAC to expand space-based SSA network appeared first on SpaceNews.

Shenzhou-21 astronauts complete third spacewalk, mission extended by a month

China’s Shenzhou-21 astronauts conducted an extravehicular activity outside the Tiangong space station Thursday, installing debris-protection hardware and inspecting the orbital outpost.

The post Shenzhou-21 astronauts complete third spacewalk, mission extended by a month appeared first on SpaceNews.

Artemis 2 astronauts praise performance of Orion

Artemis 2 crew

The astronauts who flew around the moon on Artemis 2 said they were confident the Orion spacecraft is ready to support future missions.

The post Artemis 2 astronauts praise performance of Orion appeared first on SpaceNews.

New EU Space Act draft seen as a step backward

Kubilius

A revised draft of a proposed European Union space regulation is a step backward, creating uncertainty about how the law would be applied outside the EU, critics argue.

The post New EU Space Act draft seen as a step backward appeared first on SpaceNews.

That was then, this is now

From 1857:

The Persians were great sticklers for ceremony, it turned out, and now that the treaty was ratified, they expected an exchange of gifts to mark the important occasion.  At Spence’s [a leading diplomat of the time] insistence, the United States spent $10,000 (close to $1 million in today’s money) on diamond-studded snuffboxes and weapons for the shah.  The State Department protested bitterly, as it was not in the habit of spending such outrageous sums, but Spence put his foot down, knowing that these gifts paled in comparison with what Persia had received from Napoleon and others.  Spence’s brother Charles was dispatched to Tehran to deliver the gifts in person — a gesture the shah appreciated so much that he decorates the young man with the Order of the Lion and the Sun, the country’s highest honor.

That is from John Ghazvinian America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present, a very good book.

The post That was then, this is now appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Fireside Friday, April 17, 2026

Hey folks! Fireside this week; next week we’ll be back to seperating out the components of Carthaginian armies, looking at the real backbone of those armies, which are Carthage’s North African subjects.

Ollie (left) looking shocked and Percy (right) looking annoyed that their Itty Bitty Kitteh Committee has been interrupted by a photo-op.

But for this week’s musing, I wanted to talk a bit about how different historians approach our craft when the evidence is both limited and hostile and Carthage provides a good opportunity to do so. As we noted last week, the evidence for Carthage – its armies, politics, society, all of it – is quite difficult. The literary evidence that we have for Carthage is both very limited (relatively few ancient authors say much about them) and also quite hostile: Carthage’s history was written by its enemies. We know that pro-Carthaginian histories (notably that of Philinus of Agrigentum) existed, but their work does not survive to us. So for any given event or institution, we often only have one source (or at least one real source in cases where we have Polybius and several other authors whose source is also Polybius) and so not only is that source is almost invariably hostile to Carthage, we have no reliable other source against which to compare.

Now in other situations where this is the case – for instance in Greek treatments of the Achaemenids – we have a backup option, which is that we may have archaeology or shorter, more fragmented sources (epigraphy, papyri, temple records) against which to ‘check’ our literary tradition. But here, Carthage gives us very little as well. We have some inscriptions from Carthage, but they’re very few and quite short and limited. Likewise, archaeology has certainly confirmed the presence of Carthage and its Punic material culture, but it struggles to answer a lot of the questions we have.

So we have sources, which are to some degree unreliable, but which we are generally unable to ‘check’ with other kinds of evidence, but those sources are all we have. What is a historian to do?

In practice, there tend to be two responses and Carthage is also convenient as a demonstration here because those approaches can be neatly summed up in the English-language scholars who exemplify them: Dexter Hoyos and Nathan Pilkington.

The first approach – employed by Dexter Hoyos, I’d argue – is to assume that the sources are basically accurate unless you have reason to suppose otherwise. So assuming what Diodorus is saying is not absurd, we assume it happened and often even when what Herodotus or Diodorus is saying seems a bit ‘out there’ (like the size of the armies at the Battle of Himera (480)), we assume the event probably occurred, if perhaps in a more reasonable way (the armies being smaller, for instance). Implausible things (the Carthaginians attacking Syracuse in 480 in coordination with the Achaemenid invasion of Greece) can be discarded, but if there isn’t a good reason to doubt something, then we do not doubt it.

This approach is often married to a ‘positivist’ historical approach, which aims to establish objective facts in so far as they can be nailed down (and less interested what it views as interpretation). At its worst, it can be ‘under-theorized’ – that is, failing to think critically or analytically enough about sources or cause-and-effect and just presenting facts – though I would hardly level that accusation at Hoyos, who is well aware his sources are not always to be trusted.

The alternative, of course is the reverse: rather than assuming the sources are trustworthy, unless proven otherwise, the sources are assumed to be untrustworthy unless confirmed by some other sort of evidence or reasoning. This is, I think, fairly close to Nathan Pilkington’s approach in The Carthaginian Empire (2019). To return to the question of the Battle of Himera (480), Nathan Pilkington, well, questions the existence of the Battle of Himera and indeed contends that there may not have been a meaningful Carthaginian presence on Sicily at all in the early fifth century, because our only evidence that there was are these motivated, untrustworthy Greek writers.

There is a risk, in this kind of approach, for the resulting history to be, in a way, over-theorized. After all, if the sources are untrustworthy, they must be replaced by something. Ideally, they might be replaced by archaeology (this is Pilkington’s preference) and that can be valuable, but as we’ve discussed time and again, archaeology often cannot answer our most important questions. The first danger is that over-theorizing: the ‘blank spaces’ created by discounting the sources are in turn filled with theoretical frameworks, how it ‘must have been,’ which risk ending up as houses of cards: it is one thing to build a theory which fits the available evidence, but another thing to build a theory into the absence of such evidence (Pilkington, I should note, largely avoids this pitfall). But the alternative danger is the ‘council of despair’ – that despite having sources which comment on a period, the historian essentially throws up their hands and declares that nothing can really be known (or at least very little) – whole chunks of history consigned to dark ages created entirely by critique. Naturally, the positivist-inclined historians will rebel against this determination to declare that nothing can be known when there is evidence right there.

For my part, I think readers can guess that I am closer to the Hoyos end of this spectrum than the Pilkington. My tolerance for yawning uncertainty is fairly low, which is why I steadfastly refuse to work on basically anything in the Roman world before 264 when Polybius at last lets me put at least one foot firmly on the ground. But once there, my tendency is to assume the sources are broadly right unless I have a good reason to suppose they’re not. That isn’t to say Pilkington’s book is bad – I don’t think it is, even though I often disagree with it – I think it is valuable precisely because it overturns a bunch of apple carts. It is good and useful to send historians holding the consensus view scrambling to defend it – more often than not they succeed, but the result is a stronger, more clearly reasoned position.

But I think there is a real risk in attempting to read ‘against the current’ of one’s sources, which can become a sort of motivated reasoning. To take another example, I find N.L. Overtoom’s effort in Reign of Arrows (2020) to reframe Antiochus III’s victory over the Parthians as something closer to defeat or at least a clever feint and retreat by the Parthians, when the sources – admittedly, fragmentary and difficult – seem quite clear that they understand Antiochus III to have won a great victory and also we see Parthia brought back under Seleucid control (albeit not for very long) after the campaign. It’s an effort to take a theoretical construct (Parthian feigned flight as both a tactical and operational principle) and apply it against the sources. This, I think, we cannot do unless we have some really good reason to do so (like some clear evidence that Parthia’s position remained strong afterwards; they were vassalized, so evidently it didn’t).

But sometimes some suspicion about the sources is warranted. As I noted in last week’s post, there is an odd pattern in our sources where – up until Polybius kicks in and we have more reliable sources – Carthage seems to only ever lose battles and yet somehow Carthaginian power seems to keep expanding. One is left wondering not if the Greek victories over Carthaginian armies are fake (I don’t think they are) but rather if some Carthaginian victories have perhaps been forgotten or de-emphasized in the retelling.

In either case, there is no sure solution here. Momentum has been building for a while for scholars to be more skeptical – in some cases, extremely skeptical – of our Greek language sources when they discuss non-Greek cultures, especially ones (Persians, Parthians, Phoenicians) they view largely as enemies, an approach which has value if just to act as a ‘check’ on the rest of us (and often more than that). On the other hand, there is a strong pressure towards positivism in publication: no one wants an introductory textbook that just says, “we don’t know” on every page and folks buying books also want to be told what was, rather than what could not be known. I suspect as a result the skeptical approach will remain a strong undercurrent in the scholarship, while major publications continue to be dominated by works of a somewhat more loosely positivist bent.

On to recommendations:

Starting on a bit of a pop-culture note, I really enjoyed Peter Raleigh’s take over at The Long Library on Martin Scorsese’s criminal characters particularly in the context of Killers of the Flower Moon (2023). Peter’s essays on film are always a treat – even though he often picks movies rather more obscure than what I tend to watch – but this is a particularly incisive look at the way Scorsese paints his criminal characters (both protagonists and villains) and how his entire body of work really explores the kind of person and the kind of thinking that leads to that sort of criminality. A particularly good read for reminding you that however charismatic some of these characters (in movies other than Killers of the Flower Moon) are, the point of these movies is almost invariably that their behavior is both socially destructive and also self-destructive.

Meanwhile, on the historical side, I’ve recommended Partial Historians before, but let me do so again, as they have just now gotten to the Gallic sack of Rome (390) and so are starting to move into a period where our sources start to be on slightly firmer ground (though hardly very firm ground even at this point). For those who missed previous recommendations, Partial Historians is a podcast with two historians (Dr. Fiona Radford and Dr. Peta Greenfield) who are moving through the history of Rome on a year-by-year basis, comparing and contrasting the sources we have for each year as they go. It’s a great way to get a sense, especially for these early years (though they are now beginning to move into what we’d call the Middle Republic – historians differ somewhat on the exact start-date for that) how tricky the sources can be. Give it a listen!

And over at Astroclassical Musings, Oliver Clarke, curatorial assistant at the Ashmolean Museum, had as his ‘coin of the week’ a fascinating Punic coin with a pegasus design on its obverse. It’s a wonderful coin and Clarke uses it as a jumping off point for a fascinating discussion of the size of the coin, where the images come from and even the modern history of how the Ashmolean ended up with this particular coin. In particular, he argues that the coin may reflect an effort by Carthage to communicate its claim to control of Sicily, having a coin with Tanit on one side – the chief goddess of Carthage – and the Sicilian Pegasus on the other.

For this week’s book review, I’ll be a bit late to the party and recommend P. Wyman, The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World, 1490-1530 (2021). We’ve touched on the topic of the ‘Great Divergence’ – or as I tend to frame it, the ‘Why Europe?’ question – and The Verge serves as a remarkably readable introduction to the answers to that question. The book is organized not as a dry discussion of these factors, but as a series of nine biographical sketches – a mix of powerful leaders and ‘smaller’ people living within those changes – which serve to illustrate the key factors which Wyman sees as responsible for setting Europe on the path to reshaping the world. The result is a narrative that is engaging to read and strongly grounded, complete with the literary flourish of short passages at the beginnings and ends of the chapters that adopt an almost historical-fiction vividness, attempting to describe the feeling that a figure has of being in a given moment.

The four major shifts that Wyman sees as responsible for the Great Divergence are the specific strain of capitalism that Europe developed, the (re)emergence of states in Europe (albeit very much not yet the powerful modern administrative states of later centuries), the military revolution and finally the printing press, leading to the more rapid dissemination of ideas outside of a narrow elite. This multi-factor approach is well suited for the structure – each chapter focused on a specific person can feature a focus on different elements or blends of these four factors. It also does a good job of reflecting current scholarly consensus in a way that I think is helpful for someone looking to start understanding early modern Europe, providing a platform from which to look at more focused scholarly treatments of specific elements of these factors.

I am, of course, not without my quibbles. While the military revolution is very clearly part of Wyman’s narrative, it is somewhat less prominent than I’d have it. For instance early statements that there wasn’t a clear reason why European ships led exploration and economic predation (piracy and raiding) – Wyman prefers to focus on the economic culture that created the raiding-trading-exploring naval entrepreneurs, which is absolutely a major factor here – struck me as a bit off. The European shipbuilding tradition really did have an edge by the 1500s in producing ocean-going multipurpose vessels that could fight effectively with cannon; there’s a reason that even at vast logistical distance, local fleets of dhows, junks, atakebune and so on found they couldn’t ever quite prohibit European warships from plying their waters, even when they wanted to (a factor that is especially strong in the Indian Ocean, where local shipbuilding traditions were not well set up to exploit gunpowder artillery). From a military perspective, my advice for someone finishing The Verge would be to make T. Andrade, The Gunpowder Age (2016) their next stop, not because they disagree (they don’t), but because the emphasis is different.

That said, Wyman also succeeds in bringing home the cost of this massive change and how disorienting and distressing it was in the moment. What we look back on as the ‘rise of Europe’ at the time felt like conditions in Europe spiraling violently out of control, culminating (outside of the chronology of Wyman’s book, but frequently mentioned) in the 16th and 17th century Wars of Religion (which were as much about politics and economics as religion). And of course the ‘rise of Europe’ in much of the rest of the world took the form of sudden exposure to a rapacious, often cruel and callous system of exploitation, a process that is really only starting as Wyman’s book ends, but which he discusses very clearly. In short then, this is a great book for someone looking to initially get their feet on the ground in addressing the ‘Why Europe?’ question – and an excellent jumping off point (with notes! and bibliography!) for further study of the question.

From Courtroom Dividers to Legal Credentials and the History of the BAR

The term “Bar” carries significant weight within the legal profession and the general public. Many people encounter this phrase during their first interaction with a lawyer or while watching high-stakes courtroom dramas. There is often a sense of mystery surrounding whether the term is a modern acronym or something else entirely for the user.

The prestige and authority associated with being “admitted to the Bar” suggests a level of exclusive achievement. It signals that an individual has navigated a difficult path to earn their credentials and has been vetted by the state. For clients, this designation provides confidence in the advocate’s training and ethical standing within the competitive and professional legal community.

Discovering exactly what does bar stand for involves looking back at the physical layout of historical English courtrooms. It is a reference to the structural boundaries that defined the legal process for centuries. Reclaiming your understanding starts with a professional approach to history and its rituals. Standards lead to predictable results for everyone. Success is built on facts.

The Physical Barrier and Separation of Participants

The “Bar” originally referred to the literal wooden rail that separated the general public from the active participants in a trial. In medieval English courts, this physical barrier was a permanent fixture designed to maintain order and decorum during complex proceedings. It established a clear boundary between the spectators and the officers who managed the high-stakes and very professional legal work.

Behind this divider sat the judge, the jury, and the legal counsel, creating a restricted zone for those authorized to speak. This separation was essential for protecting the integrity of the testimony and preventing outside interference during the jury’s deliberation. The layout reflected the hierarchical nature of the justice system, where specialized knowledge was required to enter the inner sanctum of the court.

This architectural feature transformed the courtroom into a disciplined environment where the rules of evidence were strictly followed by every professional. High standards in design lead to more stable results for the public. Reclaiming the sanctity of the space starts with facts. Standards lead to predictable results for your family’s future security and your very healthy and successful environment today.

Calling to the Bar and Symbolic Origins of Licensure

The term “Calling to the Bar” evolved from a literal description of movement into a symbolic ritual for recognizing a lawyer’s status. Law students who had completed their rigorous studies were called forward to stand at the barrier, signaling their readiness to represent clients. This public ceremony marked their transition from an observer into a professional participant with the authority to argue cases.

This ritual established a professional identity that was recognized by the crown and the judiciary throughout the region. It served as a primitive form of licensing, ensuring that only those with proven skills could speak on behalf of others in a dispute. The “Bar” became a metaphor for the collective body of qualified practitioners who were allowed to cross the physical line.

This symbolic crossing is the hallmark of a successful and stable career in the law today. High standards in training lead to more predictable results for the clients. Reclaiming your standing starts with professional facts. Standards lead to predictable results for your family’s future security and your healthy environment. Success is built on a foundation of facts, strategy, and very high-quality results.

Conclusion

Being a member of the Bar is a lifelong commitment to the high standards of the profession and the service of justice. It is a title that must be maintained through continuous learning and an unwavering adherence to the ethical rules of the state. This dedication ensures that the legal system remains a stable and trustworthy foundation for our society and your family’s future security.

Ultimately, the goal is to provide a structured path for resolving disputes and protecting the rights of every citizen. By demanding high standards for the Bar, we are ensuring the success of our democratic institutions. Reclaiming your peace starts with facts. Standards lead to more predictable results for your family’s future security. High standards lead to more results. Success is built on facts and professional strategy.

Photo: Freepik via their website.


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Friday assorted links

1. Conversations about boring topics are more interesting than we think.

2. What will be scarce.  And Andy Hall on using AI to boost economics research.

3. Virginia passes reasonable AI legislation.

4. AI-generated movie trailer.  And the short movie.

5. Eric Rohmer’s life.

6. Objection.ai.

7. A neglected cost of restricting data centers.  And on not waking up a loser.

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Seeing the Hormuz Breakthrough in Its Full Light

The U.S. and Iran both announced this morning that the Strait of Hormuz is now fully open for the duration of the current ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah. While the news is positive on the surface for global commerce and the global energy-economic crisis, few developments better illustrate the situation Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu have gotten the U.S., the global economy and Israel into. What we see now is that the health of the global economy is, going forward, subject to fighting between Hezbollah and Israel. In a way Iran has always had a tacit or latent hold on the Strait of Hormuz. Simple geography tells you that. But it was only when Trump forced the matter that Iran learned how comparatively easy a lever that was to pull. They didn’t have to sink any oil tankers and even seriously damage one. They just had to issue threats and do some drone harassment. Maritime insurance markets would take care of the rest. There’s no way not to see this as a massive strategic win for Iran.

One More Reason Why D.C. Needs Statehood

Actually, by reason, I mean a list compiled by (non-voting) Rep. Norton’s office of policies that will be forced upon the mainland colony known as the District of Columbia in 2027 if the House Republicans have their way:

2027riders copy

While the whole thing is nightmare fuel, it specifically is a public health disaster:

  1. It prohibits use of local funds for abortion services and requires report on enforcement of Partial Birth Abortion Act.
  2. It cuts funding for HIV testing and treatment (which is just fucking evil).
  3. It cuts funding for D.C. Water’s Clean Rivers project.
  4. Prohibits D.C. from adopting cleaner air standards.

And of course it bans COVID-related vaccine or masking mandates (The year is 2335, humanity has developed sustainable cold fusion, colonized other planets, and Republicans are still whining about COVID masking and vaccination requirements from 2020).

I write this mostly in jest: when Reconstruction/Woke 2.0 happens, every Republican state should have to submit their state budgets for approval.

D.C. statehood now.

Market Design and Medicine, in Taiwan (public lectures at National Tsing Hua University)

I'll be in Taiwan for some talks on Monday and Tuesday at National Tsing Hua University

NTHU Nobel Laureate Lecture Series: Prof. Alvin E. Roth & Prof. Brian K. Kobilka (April 20–21, 2026)
 

"National Tsing Hua University is honored to host two Nobel Laureates on April 20 (Mon) and April 21 (Tue), 2026. We cordially invite you to join this series of prestigious lectures, forums, and academic exchanges.

Distinguished Speakers:

  • Prof. Alvin E. Roth (Economics, 2012) – Speaker Bio
  • Prof. Brian K. Kobilka (Chemistry, 2012) – Speaker Bio

Event Schedule & Registration

1. Public Lecture by Prof. Alvin E. Roth

  • Topic: Markets, Market Design and Medicine
  • Time: April 20 (Mon), 14:00 – 16:00
  • Venue: Sun Yun-suan Lecture Hall, 1F, TSMC Building
  • Register: Click Here to Register

2. Industry Forum (Prof. Roth & Prof. Kobilka)

  • Topic: Navigating the Future: AI, Health, and Society
  • Time: April 21 (Tue), 10:00 – 12:00
  • Venue: Sun Yun-suan Lecture Hall, 1F, TSMC Building
  • Register: Click Here to Register

3. Discussion Session: Prof. Roth with CTM & TSE Faculty/Students

  • Time: April 21 (Tue), 14:30 – 16:00
  • Venue: Room 901 (AUO Auditorium), 9F, TSMC Building
  • Register: Click Here to Register
 

We look forward to your participation in these insightful academic sessions."

 

 

 

 

The Marcel Duchamp show at MOMA

I know I cannot “talk most of you into Duchamp,” but I will say this is one of the best museum shows I have seen, ever.  Putting aside your view of Duchamp as an artist, it is remarkably well-curated and instructive.  It shows a large number of works I had not seen before and places them in proper context.  They are knockouts, and probably you have not seen them.  You might even be too focused on the urinal, and yes that is in the show too, though with proper context.

I also learned a good deal about the history of modern art from the exhibit, and now I appreciate Man Ray, Picabia, and others more as well.  I also now better understand the connection of Duchamp’s work to his early representational paintings, how exactly he evolved toward bicycle wheels, how central the “nude descending a staircase” image was to him, his obsessions with boxes, his artistic connections to chess, his connections to pornography, what he did to end his career, and much more.

So if you are at all tempted, you absolutely should go to this exhibit.  Supplement it with a visit to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, because a few of his most important works cannot be moved from that site.

Here is a very good NYT review.  And here is a more negative review of the show, though perhaps not for the reasons you might be expecting.

Context is that which is scarce!

And here is some context for you.

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Mythos and Cybersecurity

Last week, Anthropic pulled back the curtain on Claude Mythos Preview, an AI model so capable at finding and exploiting software vulnerabilities that the company decided it was too dangerous to release to the public. Instead, access has been restricted to roughly 50 organizations—Microsoft, Apple, Amazon Web Services, CrowdStrike and other vendors of critical infrastructure—under an initiative called Project Glasswing.

The announcement was accompanied by a barrage of hair-raising anecdotes: thousands of vulnerabilities uncovered across every major operating system and browser, including a 27-year-old bug in OpenBSD, a 16-year-old flaw in FFmpeg. Mythos was able to weaponize a set of vulnerabilities it found in the Firefox browser into 181 usable attacks; Anthropic’s previous flagship model could only achieve two.

This is, in many respects, exactly the kind of responsible disclosure that security researchers have long urged. And yet the public has been given remarkably little with which to evaluate Anthropic’s decision. We have been shown a highlight reel of spectacular successes. However, we can’t tell if we have a blockbuster until they let us see the whole movie.

For example, we don’t know how many times Mythos mistakenly flagged code as vulnerable. Anthropic said security contractors agreed with the AI’s severity rating 198 times, with an 89 per cent severity agreement. That’s impressive, but incomplete. Independent researchers examining similar models have found that AI that detects nearly every real bug also hallucinates plausible-sounding vulnerabilities in patched, correct code.

This matters. A model that autonomously finds and exploits hundreds of vulnerabilities with inhuman precision is a game changer, but a model that generates thousands of false alarms and non-working attacks still needs skilled and knowledgeable humans. Without knowing the rate of false alarms in Mythos’s unfiltered output, we cannot tell whether the examples showcased are representative.

There is a second, subtler problem. Large language models, including Mythos, perform best on inputs that resemble what they were trained on: widely used open-source projects, major browsers, the Linux kernel and popular web frameworks. Concentrating early access among the largest vendors of precisely this software is sensible; it lets them patch first, before adversaries catch up.

But the inverse is also true. Software outside the training distribution—industrial control systems, medical device firmware, bespoke financial infrastructure, regional banking software, older embedded systems—is exactly where out-of-the-box Mythos is likely least able to find or exploit bugs.

However, a sufficiently motivated attacker with domain expertise in one of these fields could nevertheless wield Mythos’s advanced reasoning capabilities as a force multiplier, probing systems that Anthropic’s own engineers lack the specialized knowledge to audit. The danger is not that Mythos fails in those domains; it is that Mythos may succeed for whoever brings the expertise.

Broader, structured access for academic researchers and domain specialists—cardiologists’ partners in medical device security, control-systems engineers, researchers in less prominent languages and ecosystems—would meaningfully reduce this asymmetry. Fifty companies, however well chosen, cannot substitute for the distributed expertise of the entire research community.

None of this is an indictment of Anthropic. By all appearances the company is trying to act responsibly, and its decision to hold the model back is evidence of seriousness.

But Anthropic is a private company and, in some ways, still a start-up. Yet it is making unilateral decisions about which pieces of our critical global infrastructure get defended first, and which must wait their turn.

It has finite staff, finite budget and finite expertise. It will miss things, and when the thing missed is in the software running a hospital or a power grid, the cost will be borne by people who never had a say.

The security problem is far greater than one company and one model. There’s no reason to believe that Mythos Preview is unique. (Not to be outdone, OpenAI announced that its new GPT-5.4-Cyber is so dangerous that the model also will not be released to the general public.) And it’s unclear how much of an advance these new models represent. The security company Aisle was able to replicate many of Anthropic’s published anecdotes using smaller, cheaper, public AI models.

Any decisions we make about whether and how to release these powerful models are more than one company’s responsibility. Ultimately, this will probably lead to regulation. That will be hard to get right and requires a long process of consultation and feedback.

In the short term, we need something simpler: greater transparency and information sharing with the broader community. This doesn’t necessarily mean making powerful models like Claude Mythos widely available. Rather, it means sharing as much data and information as possible, so that we can collectively make informed decisions.

We need globally co-ordinated frameworks for independent auditing, mandatory disclosure of aggregate performance metrics and funded access for academic and civil-society researchers.

This has implications for national security, personal safety and corporate competitiveness. Any technology that can find thousands of exploitable flaws in the systems we all depend on should not be governed solely by the internal judgment of its creators, however well intentioned.

Until that changes, each Mythos-class release will put the world at the edge of another precipice, without any visibility into whether there is a landing out of view just below, or whether this time the drop will be fatal. That is not a choice a for-profit corporation should be allowed to make in a democratic society. Nor should such a company be able to restrict the ability of society to make choices about its own security.

This essay was written with David Lie, and originally appeared in The Globe and Mail.

The invention of the soul

Street photo of people walking past shopfronts with signs, one partially obscured by a glass reflection.

Humans weren’t given souls by God or genes. We made them ourselves with language – turning sentience into something sacred

- by Nicholas Humphrey

Read on Aeon

After a saga of broken promises, a European rover finally has a ride to Mars

NASA confirmed Thursday that SpaceX will launch the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin Mars rover, perhaps as soon as late 2028, on a Falcon Heavy rocket from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

So why is NASA deciding which rocket will launch a flagship European Mars mission? It's a long story involving the search for extraterrestrial life, crippling political hatchets, and of all things, Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

You can trace the history of Europe's Rosalind Franklin mission back nearly a quarter-century. A few years after NASA landed its first rover on Mars in 1997, the European Space Agency came up with a plan to send its own mobile robot to the red planet. The European rover was part of a program named Aurora, and officials hoped to launch it in 2009. Russia would have supplied a Soyuz rocket to send the rover on its way.

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April 16, 2026

Congress is back in session, and there is a frantic feel in the air. Republicans appear to be assessing the fall of Hungarian prime minister Victor Orbán, Trump’s increasingly erratic behavior along with his abysmal job approval numbers, rising prices, and an unpopular war in Iran that currently does not appear to have a solution that will not result in the U.S. losing face.

In Hungary, incoming prime minister Péter Magyar is setting a bar as he appears to want no part of playing business as usual with Orbán’s cronies. A center-right politician, Magyar appeared as a guest on state television after his party’s dramatic win—Orbán’s state media had not let him appear on it before the election—and said he intended to suspend the station’s news service because state media does not provide the journalism that the country deserves. He said that he would end the state subsidies for Orbán’s right-wing-allied university and that Hungarian president Tamas Sulyok, a close ally of Orbán, was “unfit to serve as the guardian of legality” and “must leave office immediately.”

Republicans appear to be trying to grab all the turf they can before the midterm elections.

Today the Senate passed House Joint Resolution 140, a bill that overturns a 20-year mining ban upstream from the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCA) in Minnesota. Representative Pete Stauber (R-MN) introduced the measure, which passed the House in January. It clears the way for a subsidiary of Chilean mining giant Antofagasta to engage in copper-sulfide mining, which produces sulfuric acid, above the pristine BWCA. Those waters include 1,175 lakes and over 1,200 miles of rivers and streams. According to outdoor writer Wes Siler, about 165,000 people visit the BWCA annually, generating $1.1 billion in economic activity and supporting 17,000 jobs.

The Republicans’ attack on the BWCA for the benefit of a foreign billionaire feeds President Donald J. Trump’s ongoing crusade against Minnesota. Trump’s secretary of transportation, Sean Duffy, is targeting New York today as well, saying that the federal government will withhold $73.5 million from the state because it has refused to review the commercial driver’s licenses of almost 33,000 immigrants. New York officials say they are complying with federal law.

Trump is also continuing to try to exert his personal power over the government, threatening again to fire Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell, whose term as chair ends in May but who has said he will continue on the board until the administration drops its trumped-up criminal investigation of him over alleged cost overruns on the renovations of Federal Reserve* buildings.

As Jacob Rosen and Olivia Gazis of CBS News noted, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard is supporting Trump’s attacks on those he perceives to be his enemies by sending to the Department of Justice two criminal referrals yesterday. One is for the former government official who was the whistleblower over the July 2019 phone call in which Trump told Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky he would release money the U.S. Congress had appropriated for Ukraine’s defense against Russia’s 2014 incursion…but only after Zelensky did him the “favor” of smearing Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.

The whistleblower told the intelligence community inspector general: “I have received information from multiple U.S. Government officials that the President of the United States is using the power of his office to solicit interference from a foreign country in the 2020 U.S. election. This interference includes, among other things, pressuring a foreign country to investigate one of the President’s main domestic political rivals.”

Gabbard’s second referral is for the inspector general, Michael Atkinson, who found the complaint “credible” and “urgent” and set in motion the process of sharing it with the congressional intelligence committees, which led to Trump’s first impeachment.

As Representative Jim Himes (D-CT), the top-ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, noted, the effort to criminalize whistleblowing from 2019 for what was Trump’s well-established behavior is most likely an attempt to chill future whistleblower complaints.

There certainly appears to be concern on the part of MAGA loyalists that they are in danger of losing power, and that might mean legal repercussions. Testifying before the Senate Budget Committee today, Director of Office of Management and Budget Russell Vought denied that he had held back funds Congress had appropriated. Doing so is called “impoundment,” and it is illegal, but the administration has been engaged in it since it took office in January 2025.

Vought is a Christian nationalist and a key author of Project 2025, which sets out to dismantle the federal government. Today Vought said his job was to make sure money was spent “consistent with our agenda.” Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) told Emine Yücel of Talking Points Memo: “They absolutely impounded. He just lied to America.” “He has no respect for the American Constitution and the separation of powers,” Merkley said. “This is an authoritarian government operating as if the president is king. And if we want to save our democracy, we have to save ourselves from the strategy that Mr. Vought implemented.” Republican senator Chuck Grassley (IA) also reminded Vought: “Congress has appropriated money, and you don’t have the authority to impound it.”

Today Representative Thomas Massie (R-KY) posted on social media that an opinion from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which reviews and approves surveillance warrants against foreign actors and agents in the U.S., “raises serious concerns about FBI implementation of FISA 702,” the law that allows warrantless surveillance. Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) reposted Massie’s comment and added that he, Wyden, has sent “a classified letter to House and Senate colleagues about a secret interpretation of surveillance law that every American should be concerned about.”

This exchange seems to suggest that FBI director Kash Patel has authorized FBI agents to use surveillance on Americans without a warrant, illegally.

Churchill Ndonwie of the Miami Herald and Garrett Shanley of the Times/Herald Tallahassee Bureau reported yesterday that attorneys for the immigrants being held at the Florida detention center called “Alligator Alcatraz” said in court that after a judge protected the detainees’ right to use their phone and access their lawyers, the guards cut off their access to phones and beat and pepper-sprayed detainees, openly defying court orders to respect their civil rights. The facility is operated by the Florida Division of Emergency Management but must operate according to Department of Homeland Security standards.

Prosecutors in Minnesota today charged Immigration and Customs Enforcement officer Gregory Donnell Morgan Jr. with two counts of second-degree assault after he pulled alongside a car on a highway in Minnesota and pulled a gun on the occupants. There is a nationwide warrant for his arrest. Hennepin County Attorney Mary Moriarty told reporters: “There is no such thing as absolute immunity for federal agents who violate the law in the state of Minnesota.”

Today the new Department of Homeland Security secretary, Markwayne Mullin, announced that acting director of ICE Todd Lyons will be leaving his position at the end of May. Illinois governor J.B. Pritzker posted: “Todd Lyons led a secret police force for Trump where masked agents attacked our own American streets, violated Constitutional rights, and shot our own citizens. We’ll hold you accountable too.”

Josh Kovensky of Talking Points Memo noted that in their panic over polls and the popularity of Democratic candidates, Republicans are trying to reclaim their base by turning back to Islamophobia and hoping a culture war will drown out concerns about gas prices, corruption, the Iran war, and Trump’s erratic behavior. Representative Andy Ogles (R-TN) posted that Muslims—who first came to the American colonies in the early 1600s, by the way—“don’t belong in American society,” and House speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) called “the demand to impose Sharia Law in America…a serious problem.”

But there are signs that Trump is weakened enough that even past supporters are sliding away. At the beginning of his administration, Trump favored Chinese billionaire Justin Sun, who flattered Trump and poured as much as $90 million into the Trump family’s cryptocurrency ventures, becoming one of the largest investors in World Liberty Financial, founded by Trump’s sons. The Securities and Exchange Commission had sued Sun for securities and market manipulation in 2023, but in March 2026 it quietly settled the lawsuit for a payment of a $10 million fine.

On Tuesday, Sun accused Trump’s World Liberty Financial of setting up a trapdoor that allows company officers to freeze accounts. Sun says he has been unable to sell since September 2025, a freeze that a blockchain tracking group says has cost Sun about $80 million. On social media, Sun called out “the bad actors at [World Liberty Financial].”

According to Rob Wile of NBC News, World Liberty Financial responded by suggesting Sun himself had engaged in misconduct. “See you in court pal,” it posted.

Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, a sovereign wealth fund, was reviewing its investments even before the Iran war hit its finances, and yesterday Andrew Beaton of the Wall Street Journal reported that it is “on the verge of pulling” its funding from LIV Golf, the rival to the PGA Tour it launched with Trump’s blessing—and mostly on his golf courses—in 2022.

Meanwhile, Trump posted four screeds about the proposed White House ballroom today after U.S. District Judge Richard Leon, appointed by Republican president George W. Bush, stopped its above-ground construction but permitted construction of the below-ground bunker to continue. In one of his missives, Trump complained:

“The White House doesn’t have a Ballroom (No Taxpayer Money!), which Presidents have desperately wanted and desired for over 150 years, but a Trump Hating, Washington, D.C. District Court Judge, a man who has gone out of his way to undermine National Security, and to make sure that this Great Gift to America gets delayed, or doesn’t get built, is attempting to prevent future Presidents and World Leaders from having a safe and secure large scale Meeting Place, or Ballroom, one with Bomb Shelters, a State of the Art Hospital and Medical Facilities, Protective Partitioning, Top Secret Military Installations, Structures, and Equipment, Protective Missile Resistant Steel, Columns, Roofs, and Beams, Drone Proof Ceilings and Roofs, Military Grade Venting, and Bullet, Ballistic, and Blast Proof Glass—which all means that no future President, living in the White House without this Ballroom, can ever be Safe and Secure at Events, Future Inaugurations, or Global Summits. This Magnificent Space will allow them to carry out their vital duties as the Leader of our Nation. Furthermore, the Ballroom, which is being constructed on budget and ahead of schedule, is needed now. Almost all material necessary for its construction is being built and/or on its way to the site, ready for installation and erection. Much of it has already been paid for, costing Hundreds of Millions of Dollars. If somebody, especially one with no standing, had a complaint—Why wasn’t it filed many months earlier, long before Construction was started? The Public Record was open for all to see. Everybody knew that it was planned, and going to be built. This highly political Judge, and his illegal overreach, is out of control, and costing our Nation greatly. This is a mockery to our Court System! The Ballroom is deeply important to our National Security, and no Judge can be allowed to stop this Historic and Militarily Imperative Project. Thank you for your attention to this matter! President DONALD J. TRUMP”

*EDITED AT 10:45 on April 17 to replace "Treasury" with "Federal Reserve" buildings. I apologize for the error.

Notes:

https://www.ft.com/content/9fea256f-a60b-4d37-9ff0-c7c094cdda79

https://www.wsj.com/sports/golf/liv-golf-saudi-funding-e7c19130?mod=bluesky

https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/europe/hungary-magyar-president-leave-now-b2958348.html

https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/140/all-actions

Wes Siler’s Newsletter
Republicans Vote To Destroy Boundary Waters In Giveaway To China’s AI
Traitors. Republicans in the Senate just voted to permit the construction of a heavily polluting mine in the headwaters for Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. The region’s ecosystem will be destroyed, taking with it $1.1 billion in annual economic activity, 17,000 jobs, and one of the last unspoiled slices of nature left in this country. What does America get in return? Nothing. Profits will go to Chile, the copper will go to China where it will help that country race head of us in its AI buildout, and any jobs created will go to workers from outside the state and country. Polluted water will also flow into Voyageurs National Park, Canada’s Quetico Provincial Park, and Lake Superior…
Read more

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/jerome-powell-fire-fed-chair-criminal-doj-probe-rcna331944

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gabbard-criminal-referrals-doj-whistleblower-watchdog-trump-first-impeachment/

https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/04/16/congress/vought-slammed-on-impoundment-00877112

https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/he-just-lied-to-america-russ-vought-denies-violating-impoundment-laws-prompting-sharp-response

https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/texas-republicans-midterms-islamophobia

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sec-tron-case-ends-justin-073856742.html

https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-crypto-world-liberty-justin-sun-rcna331555

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/duffy-withholds-federal-funding-from-new-york-over-immigrant-trucker-licenses-dispute

https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2026/04/13/alligator-alcatraz-lawsuit-pepper-spray-phones/

https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/16/politics/todd-lyons-acting-ice-director-stepping-down

https://apnews.com/article/immigration-minnesota-federal-officer-assault-charge-3083400c9b7d45fea4170a6abee7d290

https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/judge-who-halted-white-house-ballroom-construction-allows-national-security-work-to-proceed-at-site/4091768/

https://intelligence.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/HPSCI_ICIG_Transcript_01.pdf

Bluesky:

wyden.senate.gov/post/3mjnltkjkuc24

govpritzker.illinois.gov/post/3mjnrcvb3gs2h

gtconway.bsky.social/post/3mjk337gafs2i

gtconway.bsky.social/post/3mjk33bkwnk2i

atrupar.com/post/3mjn4grflu22i

reichlinmelnick.bsky.social/post/3mjk4dnhlzc2j

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Politics Chat, April 16, 2026

Politics Chat, April 16, 2026

My excellent Conversation with Kim Bowes

Here is the audio, video, and transcript.  Here is the episode summary:

Kim Bowes is an archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania whose book, Surviving Rome: The Economic Lives of the Ninety Percent, Tyler calls perhaps his favorite economics book of 2025. By sifting through the material remains of Roman life — shoes, bricks, ceramics, and the like — she uncovers a picture of ordinary Romans who could evidently afford to buy multiple sets of colorful clothes, use gold coins for daily transactions, and eat peppercorns sourced from thousands of miles away. This vast web of commerce, she argues, both bound the empire together and provided the tax base that kept it running — and when it unraveled, Rome unraveled with it.

Tyler and Kim discuss what would surprise a modern visitor to a Roman elite home, what early Roman Christianity actually looked like on the ground, why Romans never developed formal economic reasoning, what decentralized money-lending reveals about the Roman state, whether there were anything like forward markets, why Romans continued to use coins even as the empire debased them, the economics of Roman slavery, whether Roman recipes taste any good, the Romans as hyper-scalers rather than inventors, what Rome made of China and Egypt, why Kim’s not a fan of the Vesuvius challenge, the practicalities of landscape archaeology, how a vast belt of factories along the Tiber Valley went undiscovered until twenty years ago, where to go on a three-week tour of the Roman Empire, what she thinks is ultimately behind Rome’s unraveling, and much more.

Here is an excerpt with some economics:

COWEN: Say, when the government is clipping the silver coins and lowering their silver content, as we now know in economic theory, this will imply at least some inflationary pressure. Are there Roman writers who understood that and laid it out, or they’re just vague public complaints about government clipping the coins?

BOWES: They’re not so much clipping them as they are minting them with less silver, which amounts to the same thing. It’s just a little bit classier and harder to detect. Absolutely, people know that they’re doing this. What I think is most interesting and what we’re all still wrestling with is, from even before Nero onwards, Roman emperors recognized the advantage to the fisc to basically producing coins with less silver.

Then they start to have silver problems, and they start really pulling the silver out of their coins, and nobody cares. That is to say, people care, and they notice, but the convenience of the Roman coin of the realm, the denarius, which is made with silver, outweighs—that’s a little bit of a pun—the actual silver content of that coin, and so people are willing to just suck it up and deal, and they keep using it.

There is inflation, and inflation, we can now tell, thanks to some great papyri from Egypt, trends upwards very slowly over the first century, the second century, the third century, but it’s not proportional to the amount of silver that’s being pulled out of the coins. People basically still have trust in their coinage, which really shows the degree to which the state has convinced people, simply by supporting ordinary people’s coin use, that the coins work and that they’re going to back their coins, even though they’re slightly pulling the silver out.

COWEN: Why was there so much decentralized money lending? You would think that banks would have economies of scale, offer better terms, just like I wouldn’t borrow money from my friends, I would go to the bank. Why doesn’t the Roman Empire evolve that way?

BOWES: The Roman Empire confuses us, I think, because on the one hand, it looks like a really big state that ought to do things that big states do. The Roman big state is really a mask for an empire of friends and family. You borrow money from friends and family. Banks, such as they exist, are really nothing more than friends and family, so even when you have actual banks, they tend to be largely constituted by a single family.

The difference that you’re making between borrowing from a bank and borrowing from your family is much less clear-cut in a world in which the bank is your family, or the bank is a family that is friends of yours. It’s not that Romans don’t use banks, they do use banks. We can see the most often wealthier Romans using banks. It’s a lot harder to see the 90 percent using banks, and they seem to more often default to the immediate circle of people that they know, which again, it’s not such a huge distinction. In a world in which there’s no FDIC, in which the bank isn’t guaranteed and protected by the state in the way in which our banks are, the distinction between bank and family, bank and friends, is much less clear.

Interesting and engaging throughout, definitely recommended.  You can buy Kim’s excellent book here.

The post My excellent Conversation with Kim Bowes appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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How BioMax Red Light Panels Support Faster Healing

Fixing injuries or long-term pain requires time and a solution. These days, people are looking for alternatives for a quicker recovery route. The healing benefits of red light therapy are gaining significant attention, particularly with advanced panels. In this article, we are going to explore how these panels help speed up the healing.

The Science Behind Red Light Therapy

Red light therapy uses specific wavelengths to stimulate cells within the body. When these rays reach the skin, they activate the mitochondria, which serve as the cell’s powerhouse. This activation encourages the cells to produce more energy, speeding up tissue repair. By increasing cellular energy, the body can repair itself more efficiently, resulting in faster healing.

Consistent results from Red Light Panels

BioMax Red Light Panels are designed to output a consistent dispersion of light. Every targeted area is exposed to the maximum amount of active ingredients, and that makes a difference if you want maximum results. With consistent treatment, the body can heal better, since with each use, the same dose of light is applied directly to the damaged tissues. It allows for gradual progress in the healing process.

Reducing Inflammation and Discomfort

Inflammation usually hampers recovery and creates discomfort. Red light panels produce wavelengths designed to decrease inflammation and relieve pain. The benefits are particularly useful for people who are recovering from sports injuries, surgery, or chronic conditions. Decreased swelling enables tissues to heal without interference, and this makes the healing process smoother.

Improving Circulation for Enhanced Recovery

Blood flow is key to supplying the nutrients and oxygen needed for recovery. Red light therapy causes the blood vessels to dilate, thus improving circulation. The extra blood flow moves more oxygen and nutrients, both of which are needed to create new tissue. Increased circulation also aids in the removal of waste from the injury site, facilitating a cleaner and more speedy healing process.

Supporting Collagen Production

Collagen is an essential protein that helps to provide strength and flexibility to tissues. Cells that build collagen are stimulated by red light panels. Enhanced collagen production aids skin, muscle, and joint repair. Consequently, wounds heal more quickly, scars can become less visible, and skin elements become healthier. This feature is what makes red light therapy an incredible tool for driving healing in the body.

A Gentle Approach With Minimal Side Effects

Most natural remedies for pain or injury have some side effects. This is why red light panels are a slightly softer option. They do not depend on medication or surgical techniques. Most users have no discomfort from sessions. In rare cases, a few experience redness, which typically clears up rapidly. This safe therapy is suitable for every age. 

Convenience and Ease of Use

The red light panels we have today are easy to use. It’s as simple as scheduling sessions at home with no high-tech training or intricate steps. Users set the panel next to the place where they need healing and relax while the device is doing its work. This makes it easy to use regularly, which is essential for obtaining results. These panels provide the much-needed flexibility and convenience that busy professionals are looking for.

Potential for Long-Term Benefits

Consistent application of red light panels may lead to permanent boosts in healthy function. Not only can users heal quickly, but they also tend to notice improved skin color and less rigid joints. This type of therapy is noninvasive and can, thus, be used continuously with no risk. In time, most people can enjoy more comfort and freedom while performing day-to-day activities.

Conclusion

Red light panels are the next best thing for relieving pain after suffering an injury and are considered a dependable solution to pain and injury recovery. They pave the way for cellular energy, aid in swelling and blood flow, and promote collagen production around the injury, ensuring that your body is supported while healing. Red light therapy is an easy-to-use, low-risk alternative to enhance your healing. These panels may be of interest to anyone who favors natural recovery processes.


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The post How BioMax Red Light Panels Support Faster Healing appeared first on DCReport.org.

Spring Rains Saturate Michigan

April 16, 2025
April 11, 2026
The Grand River in Michigan winds across a false-color image from east to west. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green.
The Grand River in Michigan winds across a false-color image from east to west. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
The Grand River in Michigan is wider than the previous year at the same time, swollen with floodwater. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green in this false-color image.
The Grand River in Michigan is wider than the previous year at the same time, swollen with floodwater. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green in this false-color image.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
The Grand River in Michigan winds across a false-color image from east to west. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green.
The Grand River in Michigan winds across a false-color image from east to west. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
The Grand River in Michigan is wider than the previous year at the same time, swollen with floodwater. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green in this false-color image.
The Grand River in Michigan is wider than the previous year at the same time, swollen with floodwater. Water is dark blue, and vegetation appears in shades of green in this false-color image.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
April 16, 2025
April 11, 2026
The Grand River in Michigan flooded after above-average rainfall in March and April 2026 (right). A false-color image from April 11, 2026 (right), is compared with a view of the same location on April 16, 2025 (left). The 2025 and 2026 images were acquired with the OLI (Operational Land Imager) on Landsat 8 and Landsat 9, respectively.

The start of spring 2026 brought bouts of heavy rain to much of Michigan. Above-normal levels of precipitation in March and early April—exacerbated by snowmelt in the northern part of the state—saturated soils and caused damaging flooding along multiple rivers. A flood watch spanned the entirety of both the upper and lower peninsulas as rain continued to fall in mid-April.

Flooding along the Grand River—Michigan’s longest—near Grand Rapids is visible in the image above (right), acquired on April 11, 2026. For comparison, the left image shows the area the previous April. The images are false-color to better distinguish water from vegetation and other land cover.

At the time of the 2026 image, river gauge data showed the Grand River at Comstock Park was in minor flood stage. The river had crested on April 8 at about half a foot beneath the major flood level at this gauge, making it one of the harder-hit locations along the river. Water had already submerged roads and trails along its banks and encroached on homes, according to news reports, and more water was still to come. After another round of rain, the river was rising again as of April 16, with the potential to reach one of the highest levels on record in Grand Rapids.

The area has been beset by many weeks of soggy weather. Grand Rapids saw approximately double the normal March rainfall totals in 2026. In the first half of April, it received 5.79 inches (147 millimeters), exceeding the average for the entire month by nearly 2 inches.

The story is similar throughout the state. To the north, where an above-normal snowpack still covered the ground, abundant rainfall combined with melt to amplify flooding. Floodwaters in the northern Lower Peninsula washed out roads, including part of a scenic drive, and rendered airport runways unusable. The buildup of water has also stressed dams around the state. Officials have been monitoring several reservoirs that are close to overtopping and have advised some residents to prepare to evacuate.

NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

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App Store Reviews Are Busted

Terry Godier:

For example, if you have a 4.1 star rating in the App Store, any 4 star review is going to decrease that average. In other words, leaving a 4 star review is essentially leaving a negative review. [...]

You will see a lot of 4 star reviews that say things like, “This is my favorite app!” or “Gamechanger!” The apps that tend to have these types of reviews are often over a 4.0 in the store and are being actively harmed average-wise by having them, even though the intent was clearly not to do so.

Problem #1 is that star-rating systems absolutely suck for aggregation. If you’re going to collect and average ratings from users, the system that works best is binary: thumbs-up or thumbs-down. Netflix switched from stars to thumbs in 2017, and YouTube switched all the way back in 2009. The App Store should switch to thumbs.

The logical endpoint of apps optimizing for a 5 star review invalidates the system as meaningful on the store. The system becomes a better representation of the sophistication at review prompt execution than it does an accurate reflection of app product quality. The incentive isn’t to create an actual 5 star app, but rather to create a robust system that transmits only 5 star reviews.

Problem #2 is that even if the App Store switched from stars to thumbs, the system would still be gamified by developers, rewarding, as Godier aptly puts it, not the best apps but instead the apps that are best at “review prompt execution”. Apple should remove the APIs that allow apps to prompt for reviews, and forbid the practice of prompting for them. Nothing good, and much bad, comes from these prompts. Imagine being in a restaurant, and in the middle of your entree, the server comes to your table and hands you an iPad and asks you to rate the joint on Yelp. That’s what using most apps is like. And the apps that do the right thing — like Godier’s Current — and never solicit a review like a needy hustler are penalized.

Every time I see one of these prompts it’s like getting hit up by a panhandler — and some of the prompts come from Apple’s own apps. It’s all so greasy. One of the advantages of a walled garden ought to be keeping panhandlers and solicitors out.

 ★ 

Freecash Was More Like Scamcash

Sarah Perez, writing for TechCrunch:

If you’ve been on TikTok this year, you’ve more than likely encountered ads for Freecash. The app has been marketed as a way to make money just by scrolling TikTok — and jumped to the top of the app stores in recent months, peaking at the No. 2 position in the U.S. App Store.

In truth, Freecash pays users to play mobile games — all the while collecting a heaping amount of sensitive data, according to cybersecurity company Malwarebytes. [...]

On Monday, after being contacted by TechCrunch for comment, Apple pulled Freecash from its App Store. As of Monday afternoon, the app was still listed in the Google Play store. (It has since been removed).

As I have repeatedly written, it boggles my mind why Apple doesn’t have an App Store “bunco squad” that targets scam and fraud apps that are popular and/or high-grossing. It’s folly to think that the App Store could ever be completely free of scam apps. But it’s absurd that this app Freecash rose to #2 in the App Store, with millions of downloads, and Apple only took a look at and removed it after TechCrunch asked about the app.

Pieter Arntz, writing at Malwarebytes:

The landing pages featured TikTok and Freecash logos and invited users to “get paid to scroll” and “cash out instantly,” implying a simple exchange of time for money. Those claims were misleading enough that TikTok said the ads violated its rules on financial misrepresentation and removed some of them.

Once you install the app, the promised TikTok paycheck vanishes. Instead, Freecash routes you to a rotating roster of mobile games — titles like Monopoly Go and Disney Solitaire — and offers cash rewards for completing time‑limited in‑game challenges. Payouts range from a single cent for a few minutes of daily play up to triple‑digit amounts if you reach high levels within a fixed period.

The whole setup is designed not to reward scrolling, as it claims, but to funnel you into games where you are likely to spend money or watch paid advertisements.

Dystopian. And it’s gross that the follow-the-money chain here ultimately leads to pay-to-win games from established brands like Hasbro (Monopoly Go) and, of all companies, Disney (Disney Solitaire). Look at these games’ App Store listings, and you’ll see: (a) their in-app purchases are clearly meant to capitalize on addicts, and (b) their privacy report cards are appalling. And Apple is taking 30 percent of all this. Honest to god, how would it be any worse if Apple started selling cigarettes in its retail stores? Because there’d be butts to clean up outside the glass doors?

 ★ 

Common Road Hazards That Lead to Bicycle Accidents

Bicyclists face a unique set of dangers on the road that motorists in enclosed vehicles usually do not consider. Obstacles that a car or truck can pass over without consequence, such as a crack in the pavement or a misaligned drainage grate, can cause a cyclist to lose control in an instant. Because bicyclists lack the protection of a vehicle frame, airbags, or seatbelts, the resulting injuries are often severe.

California law recognizes that bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as motorists on public roadways. When a road hazard causes an accident, determining liability requires an examination of who created or failed to address the dangerous condition. A Los Angeles bicycle accident lawyer can investigate the source of the hazard, identify the responsible parties, and pursue compensation on behalf of injured cyclists who were harmed through no fault of their own.

Cracked and Uneven Pavement

Potholes, cracks, raised pavement edges, and uneven surfaces created by utility repairs or root damage can catch a bicycle wheel and throw the rider to the ground. While motorists may think of them as minor inconveniences, they pose a serious risk of falls, fractures, and head injuries for cyclists.

In California, the government entity responsible for maintaining a roadway may be held liable when a known dangerous condition causes injury. However, pursuing these claims requires victims to file an administrative tort claim within six months of the accident. This timeline is significantly shorter than the standard two-year statute of limitations for personal injury cases, making prompt legal action essential.

Loose Gravel and Road Debris

Sand, gravel, leaves, broken glass, and other debris accumulate along roadways, particularly at intersections, shoulders, and curves where cyclists frequently ride. These materials reduce tire traction and can cause a bicycle to slide unpredictably, especially during turns or braking. Construction zones are a particularly common source of loose materials that spill onto adjacent travel lanes without adequate warning or cleanup.

When debris results from a construction project, the contractor responsible for the work zone may bear liability for failing to maintain safe conditions for all road users. California Vehicle Code § 23112 prohibits any person from depositing material on a highway that could create a traffic hazard, providing a statutory basis for negligence claims in these situations.

Poorly Designed or Maintained Drainage Grates

Drainage grates with slots that run parallel to the direction of travel are a well-known hazard for bicyclists. These openings can trap a bicycle tire and abruptly throw the rider forward. While many municipalities have transitioned to bicycle-safe grate designs, older installations remain in use across numerous roadways.

Government agencies responsible for storm drainage infrastructure have a duty to ensure that grates do not pose an unreasonable risk to lawful road users, including cyclists. When a known hazardous grate design contributes to an accident, the maintaining agency may be held liable for failing to replace or retrofit the fixture.

Inadequate Signage and Road Markings

Faded lane markings, missing warning signs, and the absence of designated bicycle lane indicators can leave cyclists without the information they need to navigate safely. Abrupt lane reductions, unexpected merges, and unmarked changes in road surface are particularly hazardous when they occur without advance warning.

California’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices establishes standards for road signage and markings. When a government entity fails to install or maintain signage in accordance with these standards and a cyclist is injured as a result, the agency’s noncompliance can serve as evidence of negligence.

Obstructed Bicycle Lanes

Even where dedicated bicycle infrastructure exists, the lanes themselves can become hazardous when obstructed by parked vehicles, delivery trucks, trash bins, or overgrown vegetation. Cyclists forced to merge into general traffic to avoid these obstructions face an elevated risk of collision with motor vehicles.

California Vehicle Code § 21209 prohibits motorists from driving or parking in designated bicycle lanes except under limited circumstances. When these actions force a cyclist into traffic and a collision occurs, the driver of the obstructing vehicle may be held responsible.

Construction Zones

Road construction projects frequently alter traffic patterns, reduce lane widths, and create uneven surfaces without providing adequate accommodations for bicyclists. Temporary steel plates, abrupt grade changes, and the absence of clearly marked detour routes for cyclists all contribute to an increased risk of accidents in these areas.

Contractors and government agencies overseeing construction projects are obligated to maintain safe passage for all road users throughout the duration of the work. Failure to provide appropriate signage, barriers, or alternative routes for bicyclists can establish the basis for a negligence claim.

Conclusion

Road hazards that may seem minor to motorists can have serious consequences for bicyclists. Each of these conditions creates a foreseeable risk that the responsible party has a duty to address. Cyclists injured by preventable road hazards have the right to pursue compensation from the entities whose negligence allowed the dangerous condition to persist.

Photo: prostooleh via Freepik.


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Foreign Investment Flows into Canada Signal Renewed Global Confidence

From Q4 2025 to Q1 2026, Canada has recorded sustained foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, reaching a new multi-year high. This is not a random coincidence but the reflection of investors’ confidence in Canadian markets.

Global Confidence Spurs Canada’s FDI to 18-Year High

The global economy endured several shocks, especially from US tariffs announced early in the year and from geopolitical instability that impacted the energy market. For many countries like Canada, adjusting to the tariff war meant an uptick in frontloading activities and structural adjustments to strengthen local industries. This led to massive inflows from long-term trading partners like the US and UK, as well as new markets in Asia and South America.

But trade uncertainty was not the only factor driving investment decisions. Canada quickly became a financial safe haven as the economy remained largely stable throughout the year, and the loonie held its own against the US dollar. Investors speculating on CAD/USD on their forex trading app recorded months of steady price action, with no disruptions.

And not just in the currency markets; across other sectors, foreign direct investment into Canada reached its highest level since 2007 in 2025. Canada ranked second on the 2025 FDI Confidence Index global rankings by Kearney, only outranked by the US.

Key FDI Stats: Trade, Transportation, and Financial Management lead

Trade and transportation received the highest concentration of Canada’s investment gains in 2025. Management of companies and enterprises and manufacturing also ranked in the leading sectors, driven by increased merger-and-acquisition (M&A) activity. The US remained the major source of FDI in 2025, with about $52.5 billion invested (the amount remained consistent with 2024 levels).

In terms of the gross domestic product (GDP) contributions, wholesale trade and finance & insurance contributed CAD$125.5 billion and CAD$ 171.442 billion, respectively. In that record-breaking year, Canada’s inward gains indicate strong foreign interest and is a primary driver for growth in 2026.

FDI Outflows Decreased in 2025

The investment flowed outwards, too. Canada’s Direct Investment Abroad (CDIA) fell to $79.4 billion in 2025, marking its lowest since 2020. This is because Canada reduced its investments in the U.S. markets to $27.6 billion, less than half of its 2024 total.

This was a strategic pullback to manage trade headwinds, focusing on trade and transportation for outward direct investment. But the energy, mining, insurance, and finance sectors dragged on growth. In the same vein, Canada also reduced its outward investment in non-U.S. markets, especially the UK, falling from $62.2 billion in 2024 to $48.6 billion in 2025.

Canadian currency notes

Trends Shaping FDI Inflows

In 2026, seven key trends will shape FDI inflows, with some continuing from 2025 and others showing marked deviations.

  • Large-scale acquisitions: According to Maria Solovieva, economist at TD Economics, UK investors have shown strong interest in Canada’s tech sector, with many acquisitions of software companies.
  • Increased inflow activity: Analysts expect inflows to continue and even increase in 2026. With the energy market experiencing high volatility, investors will look to Canada for oil imports and a stable investment environment.
  • Sectoral Modifications to green, tech, mining, finance, and insurance: In Q4 2025, there was an uptick in M&E, especially with AngloTech and Onyx. These deals bring in significant foreign investment and will continue in 2026. Strategic supply chain integration will incentivize U.S. firms to invest in Canada this year.
  • Regulatory scrutiny: the Government is implementing stricter national security reviews under the Investment Canada Act. Investments will be cleared only with strict conditions.
  • Policy focus: Canada wants to reduce trade-related fees, improve regulatory efficiency, encourage investments in innovation, and provide the infrastructure. These, in turn, will influence stronger FDI flows as investors seek stable returns.
  • Reinvestment increased: More established companies renewed their investments in Canada, opting to expand their operations for long-term stability. These include companies like Rio Tinto, Nvidia, AMD, and investment giants such as the UAE entities and Qatar Investment Authority.
  • Regional expansion: Reinvestment trends across Greater Montreal, Ontario & Western Canada will also shape the country’s FDI this year. Last year, Montreal accounted for over 75% of the $2.6 billion investment, which came from companies already established there.

Economic Impact

From boosting local industries to strengthening investors’ confidence, the FDI impacts the economy in many important ways.

  • Renewed global confidence: The 2025 capital inflow record is a marked reversal from 2022, when capital outflows exceeded inflows. The turnaround shows a confidence rebound in the economy as more investors explore the economy.
  • Strategic growth: Key government officials, including Prime Minister Mark Carney, note the impact of higher FDI on the economy, including upscaling and expanding career opportunities. With more capital, local industries, especially construction, will boom.

Cargo ship cranes

  • Positive impact on the current account: The increase in foreign investment has helped Canada to manage its current account deficit through 2025. The deficit reduced to $0.71 billion in Q4, down from $5.27 billion earlier in the year. This has lowered the risk of a sudden pause in capital inflows, making Canada more attractive to international investors. It also supports the loonie’s stability in global markets.

A Steady Path Forward for Canada
As global economies adjust to fluctuating markets, Canada maintains a strong position that strikes confidence in investors. The FDI hit new highs in 2025 with increased activity, a trend that could continue in 2026. The country will look to maintain its foreign investment destination status and rebuff external trade pressures.


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Near the eastern horizon before sunrise, Comet C/2025 R3 Near the eastern horizon before sunrise, Comet C/2025 R3


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