Hegseth’s Pursuit of Mark Kelly

The attack by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth against Sen. Mark Kelly, D-Ariz., is far from over, in part because of the untested legal workaround Hegseth is using as intimidation.

The case remains an unexploded, irksome explosive that could seek to destroy free speech to keep Hegseth from having to answer questions from the public he is supposed to serve.

Like most of the Trump administration assaults on perceived political enemies, Hegseth is nasty, under-evidenced,  overly personal, and seeks a punishment most easily achievable rather than focusing on proving a declared violation.

As with threatened but failed prosecution attempts against James B. Comey Jr., former FBI director, New York State Attorney General Letitia James and others, they are meant as retribution and protection of Trump and his circle, not resolution of crimes or civil law violations. As in those cases, the threat of reconstituting cases continues.

In November, Kelly was among six lawmakers to make and distribute a video citing the military’s own warnings for officers and enlisted personnel to consider whether they are being given illegal orders to carry out, and that they have the right to say no. Yesterday, Kelly filed suit in federal court, saying that Hegseth had unlawfully punished the senator for his speech and violated his due process.

Though Kelley and company, all veterans or former intelligence officials, did not reference specific military orders that should be questioned, we’ve seen several instances recently in which the orders to strike anew at stricken crew members on a suspected drug boat, the deployment of National Guardsmen to city streets, or now, by extension, the shooting of an unarmed Minneapolis citizen protesting against the spreading ICE raids in residential neighborhoods all raise legal questions.

In what has become pattern in this administration, Kelly’s “crime” here was to point out the law that is taught to every officer and enlisted soldier, sailor, airman, Marine and Guardian. Only in the cockeyed view of this administration is a dissenting word from existing law seen as a cause for punishment. Kelly has promised to fight any punishment as unwarranted.

Hegseth Took Easiest Route

Though Hegseth had threatened to re-active Kelly, a retired Navy captain and astronaut, to stick him before a court martial board, Hegseth settled on a censure letter to Kelly’s file that says that the senator’s actions were prejudicial to good order and discipline.

That letter – something he could do without process or consultation – opens the way to possible reduction in retirement grade and pay.

That judgment remains pending before Secretary of the Navy John Phelan, who must recommend an action to Hegseth – who already has made up his mind. Regardless, the censure letter cannot be changed, but Kelly remains within time to file an opposing letter to answer its claims. (As an aside, Phelan contributed more than $800,000 to the then-candidate Trump’s joint fundraising committee.)

The possibility of a court martial still hangs in the air, though a board of military peers sitting as jury would have to overlook the statements that Kelly quotes as having come directly from the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) to which they all swore an oath. Hegseth has referred the others in the video to the FBI for investigation as having committed “acts of sedition.”

According to USNI News, which covers the military as an independent voice, Hegseth has a variety of punishments available, though most of them are intended for application towards serving military troops, not retirees, and not U.S. senators whose job includes oversight of the military. There are some limitations on what retirees can say freely, but there must be a direct link between objectionable speech and actual military operations. It also must involve something contemptuous against a politician or member of the chain of command.

Kelly’s remarks telling service members to refuse unlawful orders don’t fall under restriction from good order and discipline, and don’t advise specific military orders to refuse. Any broad contempt for Hegseth is shared far more widely than Kelly alone.

Legally Dubious

Meanwhile, the very same Hegseth has declined to cooperate with Congress about releasing videos of the September “double-tap” strikes against a suspected drug-smuggling boat crew and generally has withheld information about National Guard deployments or details about current orders and plans for the military in Venezuela.

Donald Trump himself told The New York Times in a recorded interview that he sees adherence to domestic and international law as relatively optional, that that his power as commander in chief is constrained only by his “own morality.”

Obviously, ordering military strikes in Venezuela without a specific aim other than capturing leader Nicolás Maduro to face drug charges, does not violate Trump’s morality. Nor do attacks on shipping, or on small, suspected drug boats, deployment of troops on our own city streets or extending paramilitary status to undertrained Homeland Security agents.

Given the number of court actions that have found legal problems with Trump administration enforcement actions, the possibility of “illegal” orders seems endless.

For a host of reasons, the warnings from Kelly and company seem well founded. Hegseth’s one-man prosecution campaign seems unfair and reflective of an administration that finds legal boundaries mere guidelines.

Opening Fraud Charges for Fed Chair

In like fashion, the Justice Department’s announced investigation of criminal fraud charges against Fed chair Jerome Powell begs many of the same questions, though the prosecutor is U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro and the circumstances involve construction costs for a replacement complex on the National Mall and lying to Congress.

As a result, the probe comes across as a political swipe against Powell over disagreement with Trump about the nation’s basic interest rates, not a fix for high building costs. It’s another move towards intimidation rather than for justice, all because Trump wants lowered borrowing rates from an independent Fed panel. On top of all else, Powell’s term will expire this year and Trump can name his replacement (Trump did name Powell, of course.)

Two aspects stand out: The investigation has become public before it has collected necessary evidence, and it is shaped around a criminal charge as a first alternative, rather than one of multiple routes towards controlling the money spent or planned to finish construction. Criminal fraud will necessitate proving intent, among other things, and at this point, the prosecution does not even have the basic construction documents in hand.

Once again, the Trump administration is bending law enforcement around its desire for political results, not sifting evidence first to even determine if there is a crime here.


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Mary Peltola May Put Alaska’s Senate Race In Reach for Democrats

19th News Logo

Peltola, a Democrat who was the first Alaska Native elected to Congress, is challenging GOP Sen. Dan Sullivan.

Former Rep. Mary Peltola is challenging GOP Sen. Dan Sullivan in Alaska, potentially putting a tough race in reach for Democrats.

Peltola, a Democrat who served one term as Alaska’s at-large U.S. House representative from 2022 to 2025, was widely seen as a prized top recruit for the race and for national Democrats, who have an uphill battle to reclaim control of the U.S. Senate in 2026.

Peltola, the first Alaska Native person elected to Congress, focused on supporting Alaska’s fisheries while in office.

“My agenda for Alaska will always be fish, family and freedom,” Peltola said in her announcement video Monday. “But our future also depends on fixing the rigged system in D.C. that’s shutting down Alaska while politicians feather their own nest.”

“It’s about time Alaskans teach the rest of the country what Alaska first and really, America first, looks like,” she added.

A 2025 survey by progressive pollster Data for Progress, which regularly polls Alaska voters, found that Peltola has the highest approval rating of any elected official in the state. She narrowly lost reelection to Republican Rep. Nick Begich in 2024.

Elections in Alaska are conducted with top-four nonpartisan primaries and ranked-choice general elections. In the Data for Progress poll, 46 percent of voters said they would rank Sullivan first and 45 percent said they would rank Peltola first in a matchup for U.S. Senate. Sullivan won reelection by a margin of 13 points in 2020.

Republicans control the Senate by a three-seat majority, 53 to 47, and senators serve six-year terms, meaning a third of the Senate is up every election cycle. For Democrats to win back the chamber in 2026, they’d need to hold competitive seats in states like Georgia and Michigan while flipping four GOP-held seats in Maine, North Carolina and even more Republican-leaning states like Alaska, Ohio, Iowa, Nebraska and Texas.

This article was originally published by The 19th on January 12, 2026.


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Gangster affordability

Photo by Gage Skidmore via Wikimedia Commons

“Damn it feels good to be a gangsta/ Gettin' voted into the White House” — Geto Boys

I recently listened to an audiobook about the Napoleonic Wars. Overall, the book wasn’t very good, but there was one interesting part where it described Napoleon’s ruling style as being mafia-like. His insistence that other European countries buy French exports, his attempts to shut Britain out of European trade, and a bunch of his other economic policies were fundamentally gangster-ish — they were ad hoc impositions of personal power, often with an eye toward taking revenge on personal enemies and entrenching his own authority.

I immediately recognized this as Donald Trump’s style of governance. Like Napoleon, Trump’s top priority isn’t creating durable institutions that will outlive him — indeed, he regards any such institutions as threats to his own personal power. Many observers have labeled this approach “personalism” or “patrimonialism”, but it’s really just gangsterism. Trump treats America like a mafia organization, and himself as the godfather.

That’s what I thought about when I watched this remarkable video from Fed Chair Jerome Powell:

Powell reveals that Trump’s Justice Department has been investigating the Fed, with an eye to pressuring the Fed to cut interest rates:

On Friday, the Department of Justice [threatened] a criminal indictment related to…a multi-year project to renovate historic Federal Reserve office buildings.

I have deep respect for the rule of law and for accountability in our democracy. No one—certainly not the chair of the Federal Reserve—is above the law. But…This new threat is not about my testimony last June or about the renovation of the Federal Reserve buildings…The threat of criminal charges is a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates based on our best assessment of what will serve the public, rather than following the preferences of the President.

This is about whether the Fed will be able to continue to set interest rates based on evidence and economic conditions—or whether instead monetary policy will be directed by political pressure or intimidation.

This is remarkable and unprecedented. Nothing like this has ever happened in the history of the Federal Reserve. Powell is a consummate professional, who cares only about doing his job, and would only make a statement like this under extreme duress.

If a guy like Powell is accusing Trump of threatening lawsuits over interest rate policy, you know he’s not just going on a hunch or spinning a conspiracy theory — there must have been some very explicit backchannel communications from the White House indicating that the Fed could avoid a DOJ lawsuit by lowering interest rates.

This fulfills my pre-election prediction that Trump would spend much of his second term feuding with the nation’s institutions, and that the Fed would be a prime target. The shape of Trump’s strategy against the institutions is now clear. His two main weapons are A) executive orders, and B) DOJ lawsuits. He obeys the courts when they rule against him, but follows none of the traditional norms of the executive branch, using the DOJ and other administrative agencies as arms of his personal political machine. Trump has used this approach against law firms and media organizations that have challenged him, and now he’s running the same playbook against the Fed. It’s all very Napoleonic — which is a nice way of saying it’s gangster-ish.

The more interesting question is what Trump hopes to accomplish by forcing the Fed to cut rates. The conventional wisdom is that Trump is worried about a recession, possibly caused by his own tariffs, and wants rate cuts in order to boost the economy and employment. According to this theory, Trump is basically what I call a “macro-progressive” — he fears unemployment, and he doesn’t worry too much that low rates will cause inflation.

That’s consistent with Trump’s massive binge of deficit spending. Like the progressives at think tanks like the Roosevelt Institute, Trump may believe that inflation is best controlled with administrative measures, supply expansions, and price controls, rather than by the more traditional tools of high interest rates and fiscal austerity.

But I’m beginning to think there’s also something else going on here. Trump’s populist instincts are still strong. He knows that affordability, not jobs, is the American public’s main economic concern right now. For example, here’s a Gallup poll from last month:

Source: Gallup

General concern over “the economy” takes the top spot as usual, but worries about inflation and the cost of living top worries about unemployment, by a lot. In fact, inflation is the thing that voters seem to be most upset at Trump about, specifically:

Source: Nate Silver

Whether he’s concerned about the midterms, worried about his legacy, or intends to try for a third term, Trump knows that the best thing for his popularity would be to bring living costs down.

He also must know that this is easier said than done. Usually, reducing the cost of living means holding down the rate of inflation, so that wages outpace prices over time. But there’s evidence showing that many Americans expect the government to actually drive prices down, rather than just curbing the rate at which they go up:

Driving prices down is normally very hard to do without causing a recession. But a few weeks ago, I wrote a post about how there are actually some prices that the government could feasibly bring down:

I’m starting to think Trump read my post!1 The prices I mentioned are exactly the prices that Trump has targeted with a recent spate of highly unorthodox measures. The attacks on the Fed might be part of this strategy, because one of the items I mentioned is the price of credit.

In his own gangster-ish way, Trump may be trying to bring Americans the affordability they demand. The problem is that the gangster approach can have grave long-term costs in terms of economic stability and efficiency. Like Napoleon, Trump may be headed for a series of boondoggles and quagmires.

Trump is following the Noah Smith playbook for “affordability” (but in a gangster-ish way)

Read more

The administration takes its eye off medical journals (TACOs can be good)

The war against science hasn't just focused on research universities, but also on scientific journals. (The concern with journals is that they privilege evidence, which is seen as discriminating against some viewpoints.)  And the war on science has a particular focus on medicine, and hence on medical journals. But policing journals takes patience, and (in this case, fortunately) the eye of Sauron doesn't have a lot of patience. (Sort of like pediatricians, who are always in a hurry because they have little patients...) 

Medpage Today has the story:

DOJ Sent Letters to Medical Journals. Then What Happened?
— Worrying probe into publications' partisanship may have lost steam
  by Rachael Robertson, 

"A few months into the second Trump administration, major medical journals received letters from Edward R. Martin Jr., who was the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia at the time. (He has since been replaced by Jeanine Pirro.) 

"The first letter to come to light was addressed to CHEST Editor-in-Chief Peter Mazzone, MD, MPH, of the Cleveland Clinic, and dated April 14. Martin's letter contained five questions, including how the journal assessed its "responsibilities to protect the public from misinformation" and how it handled competing viewpoints. Martin requested a response by May 2.

"Other major journals received similar letters, including the New England Journal of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, the official journal of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, as well as two other journals that did not want to be named.

"But since receiving those letters in April, the publications haven't heard a peep on the matter from DOJ, several of the journals confirmed to MedPage Today. Most of the journals also declined to comment on the details of their responses to DOJ's letter. "

Proposal 5

A short piece in The New Yorker from Adam Gopnik about Proposal 5, which appeared on the New York City general election ballot last November. It called for a unified single digital city map maintained… More

Gas Town Emergency User Manual

It’s been a busy 12 days since I launched Gas Town. ️I’ve merged over 100 PRs from nearly 50 contributors, adding 44k lines of code that no human has looked at. This has grown Gas Town’s total size to 189k lines of Go code since its first commit on Dec 15th, which is now 2684 commits ago. It’s accelerating; I carefully reviewed and merged 25 PRs today alone on Gas Town, and another 17 on Beads. Another dozen or so I sent back to the contributors for changes.

How can I keep up this maintainer pace without breaking a sweat? Well I’m glad you asked, Pilgrim. I’m using Gas Town, that’s how. Keep those PRs coming. I’ll show you how I keep up with them using PR Sheriffs.

Gas Town works all night while you sleep

I see people have been breaking the first two rules of Gas Town. You’re not supposed to be using it. But I see early adopters cheering drunkenly on LinkedIn because Gas Town drained their bank account and did 10 projects overnight. You know, people used to get mad when Devin did this. But I get it. Once you get hooked on Gas Town, it’s hard to get mad. It’s just so damn cool. So I’m publishing this guide to give a few pointers to the intrepid.

My apologies to the BAGS crowd, you know who you are — you rock, but unfortunately I’ve been drowning in the Gas Town Murder Mystery, plus a deluge of community PRs, not to mention fending off money other people are trying to throw at me. So I’ve been too overwhelmed to go find the money I hear you’ve been throwing at me. But I will come visit BAGS ASAP my MFs.

Gas Town version 0.3.0 will be out this week. This will be a comparatively stable version. We’ve gone through all sorts of crazy issues since launch. There was the Gas Town Serial Killer Murder Mystery that went on like a game of Clue for close to a week. Spoiler: The Deacon did it. It was cleaning up “stale” workers that weren’t stale and murdering entire crews mid-task. So yeah there was that. And we’ve had workers stalling out, getting lost, orphaned, confused about who they are. And no shortage of heresies: compelling but wrong beliefs about the architecture that spread invisibly. Heresies happen regularly when you’re coding blind. You have to sniff them out and eradicate them, often multiple times.

Anyway. It’s all working more smoothly now. Gas Town’s User Safety Index has been upgraded from “randomly rips user’s face off” to “randomly kicks user in groin,” which I think you’ll agree is still a good reason not to use it yet, no matter how much fun everyone seems to be having with it.

Gas Town stabilizes quickly through community contributions

With that, here are some tips on how I use Gas Town. I’ll group them into three developer loops. The Vibe Coding book I wrote with Gene Kim, just published in October, characterizes the agentic developer workflow as three nested loops: Outer Loop (days to weeks), Middle Loop (hours to days), and Inner Loop (seconds to minutes). They aren’t strictly isolated and there’s some overlap, because some tasks happen at cadences that aren’t time-based, but pressure-based. But it’s a reasonably good mental model. These loops still hold, and Gas Town adds some new steps to each one.

Dev Outer Loop

  • Upgrade every day if you’re really going to try to use Gas Town. You shouldn’t be using it now, unless you’re either experimenting or you’re contributing. Otherwise it’s too much of a headache. Give it a few weeks.
  • Learn tmux — it’s a little tricky at first, but incredibly powerful. Try to learn a new keybinding or feature each day. Familiarize yourself with how copying text out of the terminal works. Ask your agent how you can customize tmux, and then have it customize it for you. tmux is your friend.
  • Bring your own workflow. Gas Town doesn’t force any particular workflow, any more than an IDE does. Do most of your talking to the Mayor until you’re comfortable with it. But use the workers however you feel comfortable. Mostly it’s asking them to file beads, and then asking them to implement them — all variations of that basic theme. I’ll show some of my workflows below, but they change just about every week.

The tmux tip is huge. It’s a small commitment with a big payoff.

tmux lets you talk to every worker at once

Dev Middle Loop

  • You technically only need the Mayor. Running with just the Mayor is a good tutorial/intro to Gas Town. I run in Mayor-only mode from time to time. The Mayor can file and fix issues itself, or you can ask it to sling work to polecats. Even alone, it still gets all the benefits of GUPP, MEOW, etc.
  • You can use Polecats without the Refinery and even without the Witness or Deacon. Just tell the Mayor to shut down the rig and sling work to the polecats with the message that they are to merge to main directly. Or the polecats can submit MRs and then the Mayor can merge them manually. It’s really up to you. The Refineries are useful if you have done a LOT of up-front specification work, and you have huge piles of Beads to churn through with long convoys.
  • It’s OK not to swarm all the time. Sometimes you will be stuck on some serial bottleneck, and you’re only using one or two workers at a time, with all the others paused. For instance, you might be getting ready to restart your entire town, for a version upgrade, and you want to land everyone’s work first and clean all the sandboxes. Or maybe you need to roll out a schema change before everyone continues. It’s totally normal to be bottlenecked on just one or two workers at a time.
  • Run regular town cleanups. You can do this with any of your crew, it doesn’t need to be the Mayor. Have a crew member go through and clear out stale beads, workers, processes, untracked files, etc. Anything you do often, you can make a plugin that the Deacon will run on its patrol.
Vibe Coding with Gas Town: The Three Cadences

Dev Inner Loop

  • Sling swarm work in Convoys. Polecats thrive on well-defined, fully-spec’ed beads epics. Doing it in convoys allows you to track your completed features and high-level work items in the dashboard. Convoys will soon be completely automated, but you sometimes have to tell the Mayor (or whoever is kicking off a convoy) which work to include in the convoy. You can easily merge and update convoys as they run, however, by asking any agent to do it.
  • Don’t watch your agents work. Make sure they have their marching orders, and let them do their thing. But. When you see that an agent is finished working, stop everything, ignore everyone else, and read what it has to say. Scroll back and make sure you understand what it did and what it’s saying. Then act on it. You can go in any order you like, but at some point you have to act on each agent’s response or risk losing work. Spend your time reading agent responses and giving them direction — not watching them work.
  • Use gt handoff liberally after every task, in every worker. Only let sessions go long if they need to accumulate important context for a big design or decision. Polecats take this philosophy to the extreme, and self-destruct after they submit their MR or finish their task. For all other workers, there are several ways to hand off, including saying “let’s hand off”, optionally with instructions (expensive but very flexible), run /handoff (expensive and inflexible), or shell out to run !gt handoff to ask Gas Town to do it mechanically (no cost). The worker will be spun up on a new shift, preserving the tmux session.

Finally, “Work with your Crew” is the biggest tip of all, so it’s getting its own section. Your Crew are your named, long-lived workers on each project rig. They’re your design team, and they create guzzoline for the swarms.

Working with Crew

Polecats are ephemeral and unsupervised workers. When you have the Mayor gt sling work to a rig, a polecat will pick it up. They complete their work and submit MRs without human intervention. (Though, polecats can also escalate work, when it needs human attention.)

Polecats are best for well-defined, well-specified work. You should feed them Beads epics that have been thoroughly decomposed and vetted multiple times for suitability for polecats. They shouldn’t have to make decisions.

But how do you get those big, well-defined epics? That’s where the Crew comes in. Your Crew are named, long-lived agents who work on your Rigs. You can see here a picture of my desktop running Gas Town in a very typical configuration.

  • I have the Mayor in a MacOS Terminal window in the center, in a tmux session that says “Mayor” at the bottom. The status bar shows rig statuses and other metadata.
  • The left side is my Gas Town rig workers: jack, joe, max, gus, george, dennis. Of a possible six, I have five active at the moment. If I ever want to add more, I’ll just add more with gt crew add gastown tommynorris or whatever, and then I’ll have seven. They don’t all need to be active at once.
  • The right side is my Beads rig, which is gradually shifting to Lord of the Rings names, but still has some Jane Austen and miscellaneous. You can easily gt crew remove <rig> <name> to remove their repo clone, and then create another crew member with a different name. I have all six active on the right side at the moment.

In this setup, the Mayor is about to kick off a Convoy, so I’ll have a peak of about 15–16 workers going. I could get aggressive and kick off multiple convoys, but I’m being a bit cautious until I know the murder spree is over.

When v0.3.0 launches I’ll be pretty certain that class of bugs is solved. Right now it’s looking pretty good.

Gas Town crew, Mayor, and Beads Crew tmux sessions

Your Personal Concierges

I use the Crew for any sort of thought-intensive work, including design work, reviewing contributor PRs, creating implementation plans, and sometimes doing specific code reviews.

The crew for a rig are on a tmux cycle group. So the left-side (blue) cycles through Gas Town crew, and the right side (green) cycles through Beads crew.

I believe this is the secret-weapon “second workflow” of Gas Town. The main workflow is talking to the Mayor and having it file beads and sling them to polecats as convoys. And that’s great for well-defined work. But cycling through your crew lets you have richer, more hands-on discussions with your agents.

I started life with about 3 crew per rig, but I’ve worked my way up to 7–8 crew per rig. You can add new ones with gt crew add but I just ask some other worker to do it for me. I just pick a theme for each rig’s crew names and then choose the names myself. Having a theme helps you identify which rig they’re from at a glance.

Before I start farming work to a crew, I make sure they’re all reset: no hook, no mail, clean sandbox, fresh session. You can do this with an announcement, but I usually just tell one of the crew members to get all the crew ready. Give them a few minutes to take care of that; work on other stuff while you wait.

How I use Gas Town: Rig Cycling and Polecat Slinging

When they’re all settled, I’ll go through them all in order, in a big loop.

  • Give each crew member a bug, PR, or GHI to tackle. Or, give it a feature to design or a problem to solve. But give it the work, and then leave it alone to do that work.
  • Cycle to the next or previous crew member with C-b n or C-b p and give them a task as well. You can use gt ready to get a town-level view of ready work, and choose one item to hand to each crew member.
  • Do this until every crew member is spinning, working on some task you gave them. If you want to be paranoid, gt sling the task to them (or have them sling it to themself or another crew) to hook it so they will continue working on it after a crash.

With one rig fully spinning, I go to my next Rig (Beads, in this case) and start the exact same loop. Go through each crew, give them a meaty task, and let them work.

Then we get to the fun part. You get to see where all your slot machines landed.

As you’re cycling through your crews, you will see some still working, and others will begin finishing. Some of them will finish simple stuff and you just gt handoff to prep them for more work. Others will have questions, or complex summaries, and you’ll need to reserve some time to read what they’ve written and act on it.

I find this is the most satisfying part of the workflow. It’s like you’re Jeff Bezos and your team is presenting results to you, one at a time. You let some merge, send others back to the drawing board, and repurpose still others for random whims. This is the part of the workflow where your project direction unfolds.

Crew Sheriffs

PR Sheriff: permanent standing orders for a designated Crew member

One last Crew tip: I have a new ad-hoc role that I’ve been using for the past week, called the “PR Sheriff.” One of my Beads crew has a permanent hook: bd-4f43s: PR Sheriff Standing Orders. On every session startup, the sheriff checks open PRs and divides them into easy wins and those needing human review, then slings the easy wins to other crew for merging and cleanup.

The amazing thing about this is that every time I boot up my Beads crew, they automatically go merge another 5 or so PRs, and flag a couple more for me to review with them. It keeps them busy for a few minutes every time I start up the town, while I’m doing other stuff. I’ve now got a sheriff set up over on the Gas Town rig as well.

The PR Sheriff bead gets accidentally unhooked often enough that I’ve just reassigned it a new id, bd-pr-sheriff, making it easier for me to remember what it’s called when I need to tell the worker to re-pin it (or reference it when talking to a different worker.)

Tending the Invisible Garden

When you work with Gas Town, you don’t usually have time to inspect the code you’re creating. That’s not your role. But you need to make sure the code meets your quality bar. How do you ensure your garden is healthy if you can’t see it?

The answer: regular code review sweeps, followed by bug-fix sweeps that fix the issues filed during the code-review sweeps. Gas Town excels at both of these. It can generate tons of work with a swarm (filing Beads as it finds problems) and then crank through tons of work with another swarm. You just keep doing this until the code reviews are just nitpicking, or the agents say the code is ready to ship. Do some of this every day, and hope that most of the time you don’t find anything bad. The only way to be sure is to do it all the time.

Tending the Invisible Garden of Vibe Coding

Your garden can get diseases. I mentioned “heresies” above. Agents are very approximate workers and they like to guess and things. They will often make wrong guesses about how your system is supposed to work. If that wrong guess makes it into the code, sneaking through the review process, then it becomes enshrined and other agents may notice it and propagate the heresy in their own work.

“Idle polecats” is an example of a heresy that plagues Gas Town. There is no such thing as an idle polecat; it’s not a pool, and they vanish when their work is done. But polecats do have long-term identities, so it’s more like they are clocking out and leaving the building between jobs, which is harder for agents to wrap their heads around. So “idle polecats” make it back into the code base, comments, and docs all the time.

I’ve found the most helpful way to rid yourself of persistent heresies is to capture your guiding principles in the agent priming (onboarding). Which means you have to come up with some guiding principles in the first place.

Your core principles or axioms will be different for every project you’re working on. But the more coverage you can get with them, the more classes of heresy you can avoid or easily correct simply by pointing at the principle they violate. Gas Town core principles include things like Zero Framework Cognition (shared with Beads), which I’ve written about, GUPP, MEOW, Discovery over Tracking, Beads as the Universal Data Plane, and so on. All of these help me stamp out heresies that try to creep into my code.

Videos Coming Soon

A lot of this stuff you can only really show with a video. I’ll get some put together ASAP.

In the meantime, thanks to everyone who’s been messing with it despite knowing it will rip their faces off. It those faceless early adopters who will help us turn it into a real product. Hats off you all!

Thanks to Gas Town Early Adopters!

What's happening to this meteor? What's happening to this meteor?


New, More Precise Cancer Therapies Could Soon Be Here - EP 51 Richard Fuisz

We have a guest host and some breaking news for this episode.

Eryney Marrogi, the scientist and soon-to-be doctor who writes for us now and again, has taken over the pod studio to interview Richard Fuisz. Earlier today, Marrogi broke a story on Fuisz’s company Nonfiction Labs, which has developed technology that could make it possible to use magnets to better control how cancer therapies are doled out in the body.

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The two big brains get into Nonfiction’s technology and into Fuisz’s rather prolific work at the cutting-edge of the biotech field. The conversation goes into how biotech actually gets built, competition with China and Fuisz’s family legacy of invention (his grandfather was the prolific inventor featured in “Bad Blood”).

The Core Memory podcast is on all major platforms and on our YouTube channel over here. If you enjoy the show, please leave a review and tell your friends.

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The podcast is also made possible by E1 Ventures, which backs the most ambitious founders and start-ups.

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Exclusive: Fridge Magnet Medicine

Two hundred years ago, the strongest magnets on Earth were natural rocks prized as navigational curiosities known as lodestones. After that came electromagnets, permanent alloys, and eventually the “I <3 NYC” fridge magnet. In the span of a few generations, humans surrounded themselves with magnetic fields a hundred times stronger than anything life was accustomed to encountering. And yet, biology didn’t notice.

Not a single protein responds meaningfully to a magnet. Extensive safety studies confirm it: magnetic fields pass right through us, doing nothing, and leaving no permanent trace that they were ever there at all. For most purposes, this is reassuring. For Richard Fuisz and Maria Ingaramo, it was an opening.

Their company, Nonfiction Labs, is building a new class of drugs whose activity can be switched on or off by a magnetic field - something they’re calling “magnetotherapeutics.” The ultimate goal is to make something that works only on active tumors, while leaving healthy tissue alone, all controllable with a magnet outside of the body.

Cells expressing magnetogenetic proteins being actuated by a magnet.

The foundation for all of this is a protein that didn’t exist until a few years ago.

Much of cancer drug development runs on the idea that cancer cells express distinct surface markers (antigens) that distinguish them from healthy cells. It’s a quick leap then to the idea that, with the right target, tumors can be hit while sparing healthy tissue. This logic shaped modern immunotherapy and delivered real successes: Herceptin, Rituximab, Keytruda.

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But after two decades of hunting, we’ve picked most of the low-hanging fruit. The cancer antigens we’ve found tend to be flawed in predictable ways. Some are only present in a small minority of patients, making them too rare to matter broadly. Others are found in lots of patients, but most people don’t respond well to therapies against them. The last batch are targets that are both widespread and potent and great for treating cancer. But they usually come at the cost of devastating side effects, requiring life-saving interventions just to survive the treatment.

The most effective options can, in fact, kill patients. And so, better approaches are needed to control how and when a drug turns on if we’re to eliminate the downside of the last category of targets that are both powerful and ubiquitous.

Which is where Nonfiction Labs comes in.

THE IDEA of using magnets to control therapeutics isn’t new. Previous attempts fused magnetic iron particles to proteins of interest. These particles could be dragged around with an external magnet to concentrate a drug in one location, or you could use alternating magnetic fields to heat the particles and trigger some downstream effect.

It didn’t really work. The physics was shaky, the effects small, and early attempts were plagued by experimental problems. The field stalled.

There’s been some experimentation with ultrasound, too, whereby external devices are used to heat delivery vesicles enough to shake a drug payload loose. But even with the increased precision, the released drug still flows onward towards other healthy tissues. These approaches are mostly about controlling where a drug is dumped, but the harder problem is controlling when a drug is working.

If you want more science reporting like this, please do the smart thing and subscribe to support the work.

Nonfiction Labs’ story didn’t start with cancer, but with more academic goals. While working at Calico Labs, Maria Ingaramo noticed that Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) showed a faint magnetic response – it glowed differently in the presence of a magnet. But this effect was so faint that others had likely dismissed it as noise.

She spent a year prodding the protein with directed evolution, selecting for amplified responsiveness at every round, until she had a variant whose magnetic response was visible to the naked eye.

The mechanism is quantum mechanical: magnetic fields alter how electrons in the protein recombine after excitation, changing its fluorescence. The physics is cool, but secondary to the real lesson. Maria proved the effect is large, and it is engineerable.

Richard Fuisz met Maria back in 2021 while he was working on the early beginnings of what would become Arcadia Science before any of the magnetotherapeutics work began. When her experiments proved that proteins could be made to respond to magnets, his natural next question was - what else could be controlled this way?

Photo from the first meeting between Richard Fuisz (left), collaborator Andy York (middle) and Maria Ingaramo (right). For the SF readership, yes that’s alcohol on the table.

The answer, it turns out, is antibodies.

Together they founded Nonfiction Labs and started building what they call magbodies. They’re basically Maria’s magnetically responsive protein parts stuck onto an antibody, where binding affinity shifts in response to a magnetic field. Apply the field, the binding weakens; remove it, binding kicks on. You end up with reversible, continuous control from outside the body. They’ve shown the trick works with enzymes too, gating catalytic activity magnetically.

A key part of the company’s success is finding ways to innovate organizationally, too. Yes, the science is quite bleeding edge, but much of the work is being spearheaded by a group of scientists operating out of the legendary biotech hub of SF. That’s right, Santa Fe, Argentina. Though the company is headquartered in the Bay Area, tasking seasoned academics in South America with lab operations has kept their operating costs far lower than industry standard for the US, allowing them to run things with an even leaner cost per experiment. Nonfiction Labs’ Argentinian lab team (from left to right: Clara Ingaramo, Paula Wagner, Maria Jesus Leopold, Andres Dekanty, Pablo Torti, Nadia Gonzales, Regina Mencia

This is all in service of breaking the constraint where the best targets have the worst safety profiles. A magbody therapeutic could circulate for weeks, inert, activating only where and when it’s needed. Local activation allows for safely hitting tumor cells at doses that would be lethal if engaged body-wide.

HER2 is a useful example. Herceptin, Kadcyla, and Enhertu are all FDA-approved drugs targeting this antigen, commonly found in breast cancers. All produce distinct toxicity because HER2 is also expressed in healthy tissue, particularly the heart. A magnetically controllable HER2 therapy could, in principle, be active at the tumor and silent in tissues prone to damage.

Despite the wins and cool prototyped glowing proteins, it’s still early days. The next milestones are taking things to animal models as part of the long slog towards bringing a brand-new cancer treatment into humans.

If this works, the implications go beyond oncology. Think immunosuppression that targets only a transplanted organ, or endometriosis treatments that hits pathological tissue while sparing the rest of the uterus. Drugs in the graveyard could get a second chance at life.

For billions of years, biology largely ignored magnets. But now, with some protein engineering, a sensitive optical rig and a year of intensive screening, that’s starting to change. Evolution may have missed magnets, but Nonfiction is betting medicine doesn’t have to.

(We also have a podcast between the author of this story and Fuisz right here, if you’d like to learn more.)

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Superhuman AI Exfiltrates Emails

Superhuman AI Exfiltrates Emails

Classic prompt injection attack:

When asked to summarize the user’s recent mail, a prompt injection in an untrusted email manipulated Superhuman AI to submit content from dozens of other sensitive emails (including financial, legal, and medical information) in the user’s inbox to an attacker’s Google Form.

To Superhuman's credit they treated this as the high priority incident it is and issued a fix.

The root cause was a CSP rule that allowed markdown images to be loaded from docs.google.com - it turns out Google Forms on that domain will persist data fed to them via a GET request!

Via Hacker News

Tags: security, ai, prompt-injection, generative-ai, llms, exfiltration-attacks, content-security-policy

First impressions of Claude Cowork, Anthropic's general agent

New from Anthropic today is Claude Cowork, a "research preview" that they describe as "Claude Code for the rest of your work". It's currently available only to Max subscribers ($100 or $200 per month plans) as part of the updated Claude Desktop macOS application.

I've been saying for a while now that Claude Code is a "general agent" disguised as a developer tool. It can help you with any computer task that can be achieved by executing code or running terminal commands... which covers almost anything, provided you know what you're doing with it! What it really needs is a UI that doesn't involve the terminal and a name that doesn't scare away non-developers.

"Cowork" is a pretty solid choice on the name front!

What it looks like

The interface for Cowork is a new tab in the Claude desktop app, called Cowork. It sits next to the existing Chat and Code tabs.

It looks very similar to the desktop interface for regular Claude Code. You start with a prompt, optionally attaching a folder of files. It then starts work.

I tried it out against my perpetually growing "blog-drafts" folder with the following prompt:

Look at my drafts that were started within the last three months and then check that I didn't publish them on simonwillison.net using a search against content on that site and then suggest the ones that are most close to being ready

Screenshot of Claude AI desktop application showing a "Cowork" task interface. Left sidebar shows tabs for "Chat", "Code", and "Cowork" (selected), with "+ New task" button and a task titled "Review unpublished drafts for pu..." listed below. Text reads "These tasks run locally and aren't synced across devices". Main panel header shows "Review unpublished drafts for publication". User message in green bubble reads: "Look at my drafts that were started within the last three months and then check that I didn't publish them on simonwillison.net using a search against content on that site and then suggest the ones that are most close to being ready". Claude responds: "I'll help you find drafts from the last three months and check if they've been published. Let me start by looking at your drafts folder." Below is an expanded "Running command" section showing Request JSON with command: find /sessions/zealous-bold-ramanujan/mnt/blog-drafts -type f \\( -name \"*.md\" -o -name \"*.txt\" -o -name \"*.html\" \\) -mtime -90 -exec ls -la {} \\;, description: Find draft files modified in the last 90 days. Response text begins: "Found 46 draft files. Next let me read the content of each to get their titles/topics, then". Right sidebar shows Progress section with three circular indicators (two checked, one pending) and text "Steps will show as the task unfolds.", Artifacts section listing "publish-encouragement.html", Context section with "Selected folders" showing "blog-drafts" folder, Connectors showing "Web search", and Working files listing "llm-digest-october-2025.md", "tests-not-optional-coding-agen...", and "digest-november-2025.md". Bottom shows reply input field, "Opus 4.5" model selector, user "Simon Willison" with "Max plan", and disclaimer "Claude is AI and can make mistakes. Please double-check responses."

It started by running this command:

find /sessions/zealous-bold-ramanujan/mnt/blog-drafts \
  -type f \( -name "*.md" -o -name "*.txt" -o -name "*.html" \) \
  -mtime -90 -exec ls -la {} \;

That /sessions/zealous-bold-ramanujan/mnt/blog-drafts path instantly caught my eye. Anthropic say that Cowork can only access files you grant it access to - it looks to me like they're mounting those files into a containerized environment, which should mean we can trust Cowork not to be able to access anything outside of that sandbox.

It turns out I have 46 draft files from the past three months. Claude then went to work with its search tool, running 44 individual searches against site:simonwillison.net to figure out which of my drafts had already been published.

Here's the eventual reply:

Based on my analysis, here are your unpublished drafts that appear closest to being ready for publication:


🔥 Most Ready to Publish (substantial content, not yet published)

  1. freq-argued-llms.md - "Frequently Argued Questions about LLMs" (22,602 bytes)
    • This is a meaty piece documenting common arguments about LLMs with your counterpoints
    • Well-structured with a TL;DR and multiple sections
    • No matching published article found on your site
    • Very close to ready - just needs a final review pass
  2. claude-code-timeline.md - "Claude Code Timeline and Codex Timeline" (3,075 bytes)
    • About viewing JSONL session logs from Claude Code and Codex
    • You published claude-code-transcripts on Dec 25, but this appears to be a different/earlier piece about timeline viewing tools
    • Shorter but seems complete
  3. datasette-1a20-upgrade-instructions.md - Plugin Upgrade Guide (3,147 bytes)
    • Technical guide for plugin authors
    • You published the main 1.0a20 announcement but this companion upgrade guide appears unpublished
    • Would be valuable for plugin maintainers

That's a good response! It found exactly what I needed to see, although those upgrade instructions are actually published elsewhere now (in the Datasette docs) and weren't actually intended for my blog.

Just for fun, and because I really like artifacts, I asked for a follow-up:

Make me an artifact with exciting animated encouragements to get me to do it

Here's what I got:

Screenshot of the same Claude AI desktop application Cowork interface, now showing completed task results. Left panel shows "1 step >" with link "View your animated encouragement page". Claude's response reads: "I created an over-the-top animated encouragement page with:" followed by bullet points: "🚀 Pulsing rockets and bouncing stats", "✨ Falling emoji rain and confetti", "🔥 Dancing fire emojis around your draft title", "💫 Sparkles that follow your mouse", "📊 An animated '95% ready' progress bar", "💬 Rotating motivational quotes", "🎉 A 'I'M GONNA DO IT!' button that triggers an explosion of confetti when clicked". Center shows an artifact preview of the generated HTML page with dark background featuring animated rocket emojis, large white text "PUBLISH TIME!", stats showing "22,602 bytes of wisdom waiting", "95% ready to ship", infinity symbol with "future arguments saved", and a fire emoji with yellow text "Frequently" (partially visible). Top toolbar shows "Open in Firefox" button. Right sidebar displays Progress section with checkmarks, Artifacts section with "publish-encouragement.html" selected, Context section showing "blog-drafts" folder, "Web search" connector, and Working files listing "llm-digest-october-2025.md", "tests-not-optional-coding-agen...", and "digest-november-2025.md". Bottom shows reply input, "Opus 4.5" model selector, and disclaimer text.

I couldn't figure out how to close the right sidebar so the artifact ended up cramped into a thin column but it did work. I expect Anthropic will fix that display bug pretty quickly.

Isn't this just Claude Code?

I've seen a few people ask what the difference between this and regular Claude Code is. The answer is not a lot. As far as I can tell Claude Cowork is regular Claude Code wrapped in a less intimidating default interface and with a filesystem sandbox configured for you without you needing to know what a "filesystem sandbox" is.

Update: It's more than just a filesystem sandbox - I had Claude Code reverse engineer the Claude app and it found out that Claude uses VZVirtualMachine - the Apple Virtualization Framework - and downloads and boots a custom Linux root filesystem.

I think that's a really smart product. Claude Code has an enormous amount of value that hasn't yet been unlocked for a general audience, and this seems like a pragmatic approach.

The ever-present threat of prompt injection

With a feature like this, my first thought always jumps straight to security. How big is the risk that someone using this might be hit by hidden malicious instruction somewhere that break their computer or steal their data?

Anthropic touch on that directly in the announcement:

You should also be aware of the risk of "prompt injections": attempts by attackers to alter Claude's plans through content it might encounter on the internet. We've built sophisticated defenses against prompt injections, but agent safety---that is, the task of securing Claude's real-world actions---is still an active area of development in the industry.

These risks aren't new with Cowork, but it might be the first time you're using a more advanced tool that moves beyond a simple conversation. We recommend taking precautions, particularly while you learn how it works. We provide more detail in our Help Center.

That help page includes the following tips:

To minimize risks:

  • Avoid granting access to local files with sensitive information, like financial documents.
  • When using the Claude in Chrome extension, limit access to trusted sites.
  • If you chose to extend Claude’s default internet access settings, be careful to only extend internet access to sites you trust.
  • Monitor Claude for suspicious actions that may indicate prompt injection.

I do not think it is fair to tell regular non-programmer users to watch out for "suspicious actions that may indicate prompt injection"!

I'm sure they have some impressive mitigations going on behind the scenes. I recently learned that the summarization applied by the WebFetch function in Claude Code and now in Cowork is partly intended as a prompt injection protection layer via this tweet from Claude Code creator Boris Cherny:

Summarization is one thing we do to reduce prompt injection risk. Are you running into specific issues with it?

But Anthropic are being honest here with their warnings: they can attempt to filter out potential attacks all they like but the one thing they can't provide is guarantees that no future attack will be found that sneaks through their defenses and steals your data (see the lethal trifecta for more on this.)

The problem with prompt injection remains that until there's a high profile incident it's really hard to get people to take it seriously. I myself have all sorts of Claude Code usage that could cause havoc if a malicious injection got in. Cowork does at least run in a filesystem sandbox by default, which is more than can be said for my claude --dangerously-skip-permissions habit!

I wrote more about this in my 2025 round-up: The year of YOLO and the Normalization of Deviance.

This is still a strong signal of the future

Security worries aside, Cowork represents something really interesting. This is a general agent that looks well positioned to bring the wildly powerful capabilities of Claude Code to a wider audience.

I would be very surprised if Gemini and OpenAI don't follow suit with their own offerings in this category.

I imagine OpenAI are already regretting burning the name "ChatGPT Agent" on their janky, experimental and mostly forgotten browser automation tool back in August!

bashtoni on Hacker News:

Simple suggestion: logo should be a cow and and orc to match how I originally read the product name.

I couldn't resist throwing that one at Nano Banana:

An anthropic style logo with a cow and an ork on it

Tags: sandboxing, ai, prompt-injection, generative-ai, llms, anthropic, claude, ai-agents, claude-code, lethal-trifecta

TIL from taking Neon I at the Crucible

TIL from taking Neon I at the Crucible

Things I learned about making neon signs after a week long intensive evening class at the Crucible in Oakland.

Tags: art, til

One of Bob Dylan's Early Rock n Roll Gigs (1965)

Years later, I looked at these photos and realized.Hey, that’s Robbie Robertson…

I was an insurance broker in San Francisco in the early ‘60s until I bought a “lid” of marijuana from a tattooed sailor who had a girlfriend named Zoe — and, that night, got on to the right side of my brain for the first time.

The counter-cultural movement of the ’60s was in full bloom. I’d witnessed the magic that was happening in San Francisco in ‘63-’65, and I wanted to see what was going on in the rest of the country, so I decided to take a month off to figure out what to do with the rest of my life. I took along a hardbound copy of In Search of the Miraculous by P. D. Ouspensky, a disciple of the Russian mystic G. I. Gurdjieff. (I now realize that this was a “vision quest,” except I was heading across America instead of out solo into the wilderness.)

I left my home in Mill Valley at 8:30 one night with backpack and sleeping bag, caught a bus to the Greyhound depot on 5th Street in San Francisco, took a bus to Bakersfield, got there at dawn, and made my way to the train yard, where I hopped on a freight car bound east.

Got off the train in Barstow, got a grilled cheese sandwich, and started hitchhiking. I got a ride with a guy who’d been picking apples in Washington (state) and was heading to Needles to pick tomatoes. He had an ice chest of beer in the back seat, and we had beers as we rolled along, and he talked about his life. He was peaceful, “…in his skin,” as Alan Ginsberg used to say.

I got out, walked to the outskirts of Needles and started hitching again. It was starting to get dark when a 1950 two-door Ford pulled up the driver said “Where you going.”

“ New York,” I replied, and he said “I can take you as far as Detroit,” so off we went, sharing driving and gas expenses eastwards.

In Detroit, I caught a greyhound to New York, spent a week there with friends, did the I Ching (with arrow stalks), saw The Lovin’ Spoonful in the Village, then hitchhiked out to Provincetown on Cape Cod to hang out with my cousin Mike, a painter.

Me in John Lennon hat, age 30, in Providence, RI, in 1965. Photo by Linda Connor

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I was hitchhiking back to New York on a Saturday when a car full of students from The Rhode Island School of Design stopped for me. “We’re going to a Bob Dylan concert tonight, you want to go? You can stay in our loft.” Well, yeah-uh!

It was $2.75 to get in. Things were so loose in those days — just having the camera (Nikon loaded with tri-X black-and-white film) meant the cops let me stay right up next to the stage. Told them I was a photographer for The Philadelphia Enquirer, heh-heh.

The first half of the concert was folk music, not thrilling to me.

After the intermission, a bunch of musicians came out and guess what — rock and roll!

Intermission. Look at the empty seats...

About half the audience got up and left, muttering. Dylan didn’t care. The world was opening up for him.A great concert. (This was his 11th rock and roll gig since the Newport Folk Festival in July, 1965, and the folkies were still pissed off at him.)

I shot a bunch of pix and had a front row vantage point. In looking back at these old photos, I realized that one the musicians here is Robbie Robertson — history in the making.

I got back to San Francisco eventually in drive-away cars (VW from NY to Miami, Pontiac from Miami to Phoenix), Greyhound to SF. The morning after I got back, I got up, heard the faint hum of commute traffic going into SF on the nearby freeway, quit my job, and started to work as a carpenter.

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The Ignominious Death of Drill, Baby, Drill

On Friday Donald Trump met with top energy executives to discuss his plans for Venezuela. According to Politico,

The White House at the last minute shifted the meeting from a closed-door session in the Cabinet Room to a live-televised spectacle in the East Room.

The idea, presumably, was to show a chorus of business leaders praising Trump and begging for a chance to participate in his excellent adventure. But that’s not what happened. In fact, the meeting was basically a debacle. None of the oil executives were willing to make specific commitments to invest in Venezuela, although some of them talked about possible increases in Venezuelan production. Trump spent a substantial part of the meeting talking about his ballroom project, standing at the window and staring at it. He continued to talk about his glorious ballroom even after returning to his seat.

That said, most of the executives were careful to sound positive. Who wants to incur Trump’s wrath? But Darren Woods, the CEO of ExxonMobil, blurted out the awkward truth — namely that Venezuela is “uninvestable” under current conditions.

On Sunday evening Trump responded by saying that he was “inclined” to block ExxonMobil from investing in Venezuela. “I didn’t like their response.” What’s next? Will the Justice Department find some excuse to open a criminal investigation into Wood, the way it has against Jerome Powell?

But back to Venezuela. It’s amazing, if you think about it: Trump launched a war for oil without talking to the oil companies first.

On the day before, the Bureau of Land Management auctioned off more than 20,000 acres of public land in Colorado for oil and gas drilling. Or I should say, tried to auction the land off — because there were no bids, despite the fact that the land was offered at very low prices.

In yesterday’s primer I declared that Trump returned to the White House with only one big economic policy idea, tariffs. On second thought, however, I should have said that he had two ideas: tariffs and drill, baby, drill. During the 2024 campaign, he promised to cut energy prices in half. In his 2025 inaugural address he declared a national energy emergency. In effect, he promised that he would unleash America’s energy wealth by ridding the country of woke environmental regulations:

We will be a rich nation again, and it is that liquid gold under our feet that will help to do it.

Trump clearly pictures America in 2025 as being like East Texas in the early 20th century — a place where all you have to do is drill a hole in the ground, and oil gushes out. At the top of this post is a picture of the famous Spindletop gusher of 1901, which started the Texas oil boom.

But it doesn’t work like that anymore. After decades of oil extraction, gushers are a thing of the past. Today, most of the oil extracted by the U.S. petroleum industry is shale oil. To extract that oil sedimentary rocks must be fractured with pressurized liquids — “fracking.” Now, there are many environmental issues associated with fracking. But even if you ignore those concerns, drilling a new well isn’t worth doing unless the price of oil is sufficiently high.

As I pointed out a few days ago, the breakeven price for drilling in America’s major shale areas — the price at which drilling a new well is just worth doing — is around $62 a barrel. And current oil prices are slightly below that. So it makes perfect economic sense that oil companies aren’t interested in bidding on public land in Colorado. It’s simply not an investment worth making.

So if oil companies are unwilling to invest in drilling in Colorado, why would they want to sink money into Venezuela? Venezuela’s huge official oil reserves mostly consist of heavy crude, which is highly viscous. Berkeley’s David Levine says that it has roughly the consistency of cold peanut butter. This oil doesn’t come gushing out when you drill a well. Extracting it often requires injecting steam to get it hot enough to flow. Thus just getting the oil out of the ground is expensive.

And Venezuela’s oil infrastructure — the pipelines, tanker facilities, etc. that get oil to market — is decrepit. Experts estimate that just rehabilitating this infrastructure, which would allow a modest rise in Venezuelan production, would cost between $10 billion and $20 billion. Getting production back up to 1990s levels would require $100 billion or more.

Then there is the security situation in Venezuela. The day after Trump’s meeting with oil executives, the U.S. embassy issued an alert:

The alert warned that

There are reports of groups of armed militias, known as colectivos, setting up roadblocks and searching vehicles for evidence of U.S. citizenship or support for the United States.

and that the risks to Americans include

wrongful detention, torture in detention, terrorism, kidnapping, arbitrary enforcement of local laws, crime, civil unrest, and poor health infrastructure.

Sounds like a great place to make multi-billion-dollar investments.

In other words, “drill, baby, drill” is dead, at home and abroad. It was killed not by woke environmentalists but by profit-and-loss arithmetic. Trump may continue to promise huge production increases and sharply lower prices. Oil industry executives will humor him and pretend to go along. But it’s obvious now (and always was) that Trump’s energy dreams rested on crude delusions.

MUSICAL CODA

NASA launches new mission to get the most out of the James Webb Space Telescope

Among other things, the James Webb Space Telescope is designed to get us closer to finding habitable worlds around faraway stars. From its perch a million miles from Earth, Webb's huge gold-coated mirror collects more light than any other telescope put into space.

The Webb telescope, launched in 2021 at a cost of more than $10 billion, has the sensitivity to peer into distant planetary systems and detect the telltale chemical fingerprints of molecules critical to or indicative of potential life, like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Webb can do this while also observing the oldest observable galaxies in the Universe and studying planets, moons, and smaller objects within our own Solar System.

Naturally, astronomers want to get the most out of their big-budget observatory. That's where NASA's Pandora mission comes in.

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You can now reserve a hotel room on the Moon for $250,000

A company called GRU Space publicly announced its intent to construct a series of increasingly sophisticated habitats on the Moon, culminating in a hotel inspired by the Palace of the Fine Arts in San Francisco.

On Monday, the company invited those interested in a berth to plunk down a deposit between $250,000 and $1 million, qualifying them for a spot on one of its early lunar surface missions in as little as six years from now.

It sounds crazy, doesn't it? After all, GRU Space had, as of late December when I spoke to founder Skyler Chan, a single full-time employee aside from himself. And Chan, in fact, only recently graduated from the University of California, Berkeley.

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Grade inflation sentences to ponder

Next, we consider the effects of grade inflation on future outcomes. Passing grade inflation reduces the likelihood of being held back, increases high school graduation, and increases initial enrollment in two-year colleges. Mean grade inflation reduces future test scores, reduces the likelihood of graduating from high school, reduces college enrollment, and ultimately reduces earnings.

Here is the full paper by Jeffrey T. Denning, Rachel Nesbit, Nolan Pope, and Merrill Warnick.  Via Kris Gulati.

The post Grade inflation sentences to ponder appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Claims about AI productivity improvements

This paper derives “Scaling Laws for Economic Impacts”- empirical relationships between the training compute of Large Language Models (LLMs) and professional productivity. In a preregistered experiment, over 500 consultants, data analysts, and managers completed professional tasks using one of 13 LLMs. We find that each year of model progress reduced task time by 8%, with 56% of gains driven by increased compute and 44% by algorithmic progress. However, productivity gains were significantly larger for non-agentic analytical tasks compared to agentic workflows requiring tool use. These findings suggest continued model scaling could boost U.S. productivity by approximately 20% over the next decade.

That is from Ali Merali of Yale University.

The post Claims about AI productivity improvements appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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A Plume of Bright Blue in Melissa’s Wake

September 20, 2025
October 30, 2025
A satellite image shows a portion of the dark blue Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. A submerged carbonate platform appears as a slightly brighter blue area of water in the center. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
A satellite image shows a portion of the dark blue Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. A submerged carbonate platform appears as a slightly brighter blue area of water in the center. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
NASA Earth Observatory
A satellite image shows a portion of the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. Much of the water in the middle third of the image is bright blue due to suspended sediment. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
A satellite image shows a portion of the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. Much of the water in the middle third of the image is bright blue due to suspended sediment. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
NASA Earth Observatory
A satellite image shows a portion of the dark blue Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. A submerged carbonate platform appears as a slightly brighter blue area of water in the center. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
A satellite image shows a portion of the dark blue Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. A submerged carbonate platform appears as a slightly brighter blue area of water in the center. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
NASA Earth Observatory
A satellite image shows a portion of the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. Much of the water in the middle third of the image is bright blue due to suspended sediment. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
A satellite image shows a portion of the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica. Much of the water in the middle third of the image is bright blue due to suspended sediment. The mostly green island of Jamaica is in the upper right, and scattered clouds are present throughout.
NASA Earth Observatory
September 20, 2025
October 30, 2025

Before and After

Hurricane Melissa made landfall in Jamaica on October 28, 2025, as a category 5 storm, bringing sustained winds of 295 kilometers (185 miles) per hour and leaving a broad path of destruction on the island. The storm displaced tens of thousands of people, damaged or destroyed more than 100,000 structures, inflicted costly damage on farmland, and left the nation’s forests brown and battered.

Prior to landfall, in the waters south of the island, the hurricane created a large-scale natural oceanography experiment. Before encountering land and proceeding north, the monster storm crawled over the Caribbean Sea, churning up the water below. A couple of days later, a break in the clouds revealed what researchers believe could be a once-in-a-century event.

On October 30, 2025, the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument on NASA’s Terra satellite acquired this image (right) of the waters south of Jamaica. Vast areas are colored bright blue by sediment stirred up from a carbonate platform called Pedro Bank. This plateau, submerged under about 25 meters (80 feet) of water, is slightly larger in area than the state of Delaware. For comparison, the left image was acquired by the same sensor on September 20, before the storm.

Pedro Bank is deep enough that it is only faintly visible in natural color satellite images most of the time. However, with enough disruption from hurricanes or strong cold fronts, its existence becomes more evident to satellites. Suspended calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mud, consisting primarily of remnants of marine organisms that live on the plateau, turns the water a Maya blue color. The appearance of this type of material contrasts with the greenish-brown color of sediment carried out to sea by swollen rivers on Jamaica’s southern coast.

As an intense storm that lingered in the vicinity of the bank, Hurricane Melissa generated “tremendous stirring power” in the water column, said James Acker, a data support scientist at the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center with a particular interest in these events. Hurricane Beryl caused some brightening around Pedro Bank in July 2024, “but nothing like this,” he said. “While we always have to acknowledge the human cost of a disaster, this is an extraordinary geophysical image.”

A bathymetric map of part of the Caribbean Sea shows Jamaica in the upper right and the large, flat-topped Pedro Bank at the center, which sits 20 to 30 meters below the surface and displays steep edges. Several smaller shallow shelves appear in the lower left.

Sediment suspension was visible on Pedro and other nearby shallow banks, indicating that Melissa affected a total area of about 37,500 square kilometers—more than three times the area of Jamaica—on October 30, said sedimentologist Jude Wilber, who tracked the plume’s progression using multiple satellite sensors. Having studied carbonate sediment transport for decades, he believes the Pedro Bank event was the largest observed in the satellite era. “It was extraordinary to see the sediment dispersed over such a large area,” he said.

The sediment acted as a tracer, illuminating currents and eddies near the surface. Some extended into the flow field of the Caribbean Current heading west and north, while other patterns suggested the influence of Ekman transport, Wilber said. The scientists also noted complexities in the south-flowing plume, which divided into three parts after encountering several small reefs. Sinking sediment in the easternmost arm exhibited a cascading stair-step pattern.

Like in other resuspension events, the temporary coloration of the water faded after about seven days as sediment settled. But changes to Pedro Bank itself may be more long-lasting. “I suspect this hurricane was so strong that it produced what I would call a ‘wipe’ of the benthic ecosystem,” Wilber said. Seagrasses, algae, and other organisms living on and around the bank were likely decimated, and it is unknown how repopulation of the area will unfold.

A sediment sample from Pedro Bank includes white globular pieces of calcified algae measuring several inches in diameter and smaller flaky white macroalgae remnants.
Sediments from the top of Pedro Bank contain masses of calcified red algae, flaky sands made of Halimeda macroalgae remnants, and carbonate mud. The wing-like shape of Halimeda sand allows it to be lifted and transported while waters are turbulent, and finer mud remains suspended longer. These samples were acquired during a research expedition in the winter of 1987-1988 and are archived at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Photo by Jude Wilber, January 8, 2026.

Perhaps most consequentially for Earth’s oceans, however, is the effect of the sediment suspension event on the planet’s carbon cycle. Tropical cyclones are an important way for carbon in shallow-water marine sediments to reach deeper waters, where it can remain sequestered for the long term. At depth, carbonate sediments will also dissolve, another important process in the oceanic carbon system.

Near-continuous ocean observations by satellites have enabled greater understanding of these events and their carbon cycling. Acker and Wilber have worked on remote-sensing methods to quantify how much sediment reaches the deep ocean following the turbulence of tropical cyclones, including recently with Hurricane Ian over the West Florida Shelf. Now, hyperspectral observations from NASA’s PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem) mission, launched in February 2024, are poised to build on that progress, Acker said.

The phenomenon at Pedro Bank following Hurricane Melissa provided a singular opportunity to study this and other complex ocean processes—a large natural experiment that could not be accomplished any other way. Researchers will be further investigating a range of physical, geochemical, and biological aspects illuminated by this occurrence. As Wilber put it: “This event is a whole course in oceanography.”

NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview, and ocean bathymetry data from the British Oceanographic Data Center’s General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). Photo by Jude Wilber. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

References & Resources

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Sailing Rigs

I wanted to make the world's fastest yawl, so I made the aft sail bigger, but apparently that means it's not a yawl anymore! It's a real ketch-22.

January 11, 2026

Battle of the Bulge Episode 2: The Malmedy Massacre

This is the second installment of the Battle of the Bulge series for Journey to American Democracy.

This one is very hard to watch. As the title says, it is about a massacre.

But the lesson of that massacre is far greater than the particular events of 1944: it shows the brutality of authoritarian governments. To such governments, both by definition and in practice, the lives of individuals don’t matter.

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January 11, 2026

The news has seemed to move more and more quickly in the last week.

The story underlying all others is that the United States Congress passed a law requiring the Department of Justice to release all the Epstein files—the files from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s investigation into the activities of sex offender Jeffrey Epstein—no later than December 19, and it has not done so.

Epstein and President Donald J. Trump were close friends for many years, and the material the Department of Justice (DOJ) has released suggests that Trump was more closely tied to Epstein’s activities than Trump has acknowledged. Although Trump ran in 2024 on the promise of releasing the Epstein files, suggesting those files would incriminate Democrats, his loyalists in the administration are now openly flouting the law to keep them hidden.

Despite the clear requirement of the Epstein Files Transparency Act that they release all the files by December 19, to date they have released less than 1% of the material.

Another part of the backstory of the past week is that the Supreme Court on December 23, 2025, rejected the Trump administration’s argument that it had the power to deploy federalized National Guard troops in and around Chicago, a decision that seemed to limit Trump’s power to use military forces within the United States.

Yet another part of the backstory is that on New Year’s Eve, Republicans on the House Judiciary Committee released a 255-page transcript of former special counsel Jack Smith’s December 17 closed-door testimony before the committee. In that testimony—under oath—Smith said that his office had “developed proof beyond a reasonable doubt that President Trump engaged in a criminal scheme to overturn the results of the 2020 election and to prevent the lawful transfer of power. Our investigation also developed powerful evidence that showed that President Trump willfully retained highly classified documents after he left office in January of 2021, storing them at his social club, including in a ballroom and a bathroom. He then repeatedly tried to obstruct justice to conceal his continued retention of those documents.”

With pressure building over the Epstein files and Jack Smith’s testimony, and with the Supreme Court having taken away Trump’s ability to use troops within the United States, the administration went on the offensive.

Only a week ago, on January 3, the military captured Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores. After months of suggesting that he was determined to end what he called “narco-terrorist,” Trump made it clear as soon as Maduro was in hand that he wanted control of Venezuela’s oil.

Then, on January 6, the fifth anniversary of the attack on the U.S. Capitol by Trump supporters determined to keep Trump in office despite Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden’s majority of 7 million votes, Trump’s White House rewrote the history of January 6, 2021, claiming that the rioters were “peaceful patriotic protesters” and blaming the Democrats for the insurrection.

That same day, after the Supreme Court had cut off the administration’s ability to federalize National Guard soldiers and send them to Democratic-led cities, the administration surged 2,000 federal agents to Minneapolis in the largest federal immigration enforcement operation ever launched.

The next morning, ICE agent Jonathan Ross shot and killed 37-year-old Renee Good, and the administration responded by calling Good a domestic terrorist.

On Thursday, January 8, as protests broke out across the country, Republicans in both chambers of Congress began to push back against the administration. In the House, Representatives Ro Khanna (D-CA) and Thomas Massie (R-KY), the leading sponsors of the Epstein Files Transparency Act, asked U.S. District Judge Paul Engelmayer to appoint “a Special Master and an Independent Monitor to compel” the DOJ to produce the Epstein files as the law requires. The House also passed a measure to extend the Affordable Care Act tax credits for three years.

The Senate advanced a bill to stop the Trump administration from additional attacks on Venezuela without congressional approval. And, just two days after Trump had reversed the victims and offenders in the January 6, 2021, insurrection, suggesting that Capitol Police officers had been among the offenders, the Senate unanimously agreed to hang a plaque honoring the police who protected the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. Congress passed a law in March 2022 mandating that the plaque be hung, but Republicans until now had prevented its installation.

Friday was a busy day at the White House.

On Friday, Trump threatened Greenland, saying that he was “going to do something on Greenland, whether they like it or not.”

Trump’s threat against a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ally has had American lawmakers and foreign allies scrambling ever since. In a joint statement, the leaders of Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom said that “Greenland belongs to its people.” Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) released a video explaining that “what you are essentially talking about here is the United States going to war with NATO, the United States going to war with Europe. You’re talking about the U.S. and France being at war with each other over Greenland.”

Trump’s threats against Greenland came at a meeting with oil executives. When he attacked Venezuela to capture Maduro, Trump told reporters that United States oil companies would spend billions of dollars to fix the badly broken infrastructure of oil extraction in that country. But apparently the oil companies had not gotten the memo. They have said that they are not currently interested in investing in Venezuela because they have no idea how badly oil infrastructure there has degraded and no sense of who will run the country in the future.

What oil executives did suggest to Trump on Friday was that they would quite like to be repaid for their losses from the 2007 nationalization of their companies from the sale of Venezuelan oil Trump has promised to control. ConocoPhillips, for example, claims it is owed about $12 billion. “We’re not going to look at what people lost in the past, because that was their fault,” Trump told them. “That was a different president. You’re going to make a lot of money, but we’re not going to go back.”

Yesterday the government made public an executive order President Donald J. Trump signed on Friday, declaring yet another national emergency—his tenth in this term, by my count—and saying that any use of the revenue from the sale of Venezuelan oil to repay the billions of dollars owed to oil companies “will materially harm the national security and foreign policy of the United States.”

Specifically, the executive order says, such repayment would “interfere with our critical efforts to ensure economic and political stability in Venezuela” and, by extension, jeopardize U.S. foreign policy objectives including “ending the dangerous influx of illegal immigrants and the flood of illicit narcotics;…protecting American interests against malign actors such as Iran and Hezbollah; and bringing peace, prosperity, and stability to the Venezuelan people and to the Western Hemisphere more generally.” So, it appears, Trump wants to retain control of the money from the sale of Venezuelan oil.

Tonight Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said he is under federal criminal investigation related to his congressional testimony about a $2.5 billion renovation of historic Federal Reserve buildings. On Friday the Department of Justice served the Federal Reserve grand jury subpoenas.

Powell, whom Trump appointed, released a video noting that he has kept Congress in the loop on the renovation project and saying that complaints about renovations are pretexts. Trump is threatening criminal charges against Powell because the Fed didn’t lower interest rates as fast as Trump wanted, instead working in the interest of the American people. “This is about whether the Fed will be able to continue to set interest rates based on evidence and economic conditions—or whether instead monetary policy will be directed by political pressure or intimidation.” Powell vowed to “continue to do the job the Senate confirmed me to do, with integrity and a commitment to serving the American people.”

The Federal Reserve is designed to be independent of presidents to avoid exactly what Trump is trying to do. The attempt to replace Powell with a loyalist who will give Trump control over the nation’s financial system profoundly threatens the stability of the country. Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC), who sits on the Senate Finance Committee, appeared to have had enough. He posted that “[i]f there were any remaining doubt whether advisers within the Trump Administration are actively pushing to end the independence of the Federal Reserve, there should now be none. It is now the independence and credibility of the Department of Justice that are in question.” He said he would “oppose the confirmation of any nominee for the Fed—including the upcoming Fed Chair vacancy—until this legal matter is fully resolved.”

Kyle Cheney of Politico observed that it is “[h]ard to overstate what a remarkable statement this is from a Republican senator…accusing the Trump White House of weaponizing DOJ to control the Fed.”

Over a picture of the demolished East Wing of the White House, conservative lawyer George Conway noted: “I also must say that it’s a bit rich that Trump and his DOJ think it’s a good idea to gin up a b*it investigation about supposed illegalities in....{checks notes}…renovating a federal building.”

On social media tonight, Trump posted a portrait of himself with the title: “Acting President of Venezuela.”

Notes:

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/10/what-the-big-oil-executives-told-trump-about-investing-in-venezuela.html

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/01/safeguarding-venezuelan-oil-revenue-for-the-good-of-the-american-and-venezuelan-people/

https://www.whitehouse.gov/j6/

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/09/world/americas/trump-greenland-annex.html

https://www.mainepublic.org/politics/2026-01-09/sen-king-says-its-nonsense-that-u-s-needs-to-own-greenland-for-national-security

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/12/fed-jerome-powell-criminal-probe-nyt.html

https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20260111a.htm

https://www.scotusblog.com/2025/12/supreme-court-rejects-trumps-effort-to-deploy-national-guard-in-illinois/

https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/2025-12/Smith-Depo-Transcript_Redacted-w-Errata.pdf

https://khanna.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/khanna.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/khanna-sdny-letter-1-8_0.pdf

https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/08/17-republicans-vote-to-restore-lapsed-obamacare-subsidies-00717497

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-republican-senators-venezuela-war-powers/

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/2000-federal-agents-sent-to-minneapolis-area-to-carry-out-largest-immigration-operation-ever-ice-says

https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/01/08/congress/senate-unanimous-approves-jan-6-plaque-law-enforcement-00717799

https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4405/text

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/epstein-files-release-justice-department

Bluesky:

chrismurphyct.bsky.social/post/3mc4iyclym222

gtconway.bsky.social/post/3mc73ftktkj2w

gtconway.bsky.social/post/3luuiczrpis2e

federalreserve.gov/post/3mc6san2usk2g

justinwolfers.bsky.social/post/3mc6wyjaqwk2g

muellershewrote.com/post/3mc6vzhk2dk2o

kyledcheney.bsky.social/post/3mc6xpvvtez26

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"The stupidest shit ever."

So because America is depressing me out and I have no life and my New York Jets are as far removed from the NFL playoffs as Donald Trump is from a religious awakening, I decided to spend part of Sunday afternoon in Huntington Beach, attending the “ICE Out for Good” rally organized by Indivisible OC and Orange Coast HUDDLE.

And before I dive into the hellscape that scooped out my soul and replaced it with the hardened crust of Satan’s greasiest excrement, I wanna make clear that both organizations deserve enormous props. These are tryin’ times, Roberta Flack famously sang, and it would have been far easier for the Indivisible OC and HUDDLE peeps to have kicked back at the beach, counting sea shells and napping the hours away. So, much respect to the hundreds upon hundreds of Californians who parked their cars at the Huntington Beach Civic Center and walked to the intersection of Main Street and Yorktown Avenue to march, hold signs, chant chants and sing songs. Credit due.

That being said …

Jesus Christ.

Jesus fucking Christ.

There were people. Lots of people. And lots of signs of protest. And shirts of protest. And stickers of protest. On the corner nearest to the Civic Center, a thick and hearty gaggle of attendees spoke up against ICE, spoke up for the late Renee Nicole Good, lathered in the power of a singular message of resilience, danced to the Beastie Boys …

On a second corner, there were fewer people speaking up against ICE, speaking up for the late Renee Nicole Good, lathering in the power of a singular message of resilience. On a third corner, even fewer people, but fairly identical actions.

And then, there was the fourth corner.

[Cue Death Star music]

To their credit, Huntington Beach police officers on the scene made sure the fourth corner was waaaaaay over there, far across from the primary protest spot. And this was wise, for the Fourth Corner attendees were brought together, in a pubic lice-like contagion, by Sir Luke Dennis, blessed with a porn star’s name, a drunken sailor’s tattoo judgment and a wardrobe plucked from the collection of Randy Jones, the most flamboyant original member of the Village People.

A noted member of the Proud Bays as well as this year’s winner of the Californian Most Likely To Stab a Random Homeless Dude For Looking at Him Funny, here was Dennis’ social media siren call to the easily swayed1

And, well, the angry robots arrived. Not a ton. Maybe, oh, 30 in all. A bunch came with American flags, several wore some knockoff variation of the Fonz’s Happy Days jacket, one woman—short, early-60s—kept repeating the line, “Ice, Ice Baby” over and over and over and … over.

Ice, Ice Baby.

Ice, Ice Baby.

Ice, Ice Baby.

Ice, Ice Baby.

When, at long last, I asked, “Are you a Vanilla Ice fan?” she looked at me with bemused eyes. I am quite certain there was no actual self-realization she was quoting, ad nauseam, one of the seven worst hip-hop songs of all time [Hence, I resisted the urge to inquire whether she was more Team Shay with a gauge or Team Vanilla with a 9].

Wait. I digress.

I spent a good chuck of time chatting with familiar faces. There was Chris Kluwe, assembly candidate/former Vikings punter, trying to keep the peace beneath a hat I believe, in all sincerity, he lifted from Oleson's Mercantile …

There was Paula Jean, the Huntington Beach political dynamo, decked out as the Statue of Liberty because, well, hey. Just because …

There were so many good folks desperately wanting to fight for democracy. And I loved them for that. I loved their enthusiasm, their desire, their need to put pain into action. I loved that a random woman being murdered half a continent away brought genuine anguish.

I could not have loved them more.

But …

What I really wanted to do was understand the denizens of the Fourth Corner. And I don’t mean that in an asshole snarky way. Sincerely, I aspired to hear them out, and try to learn how, sitting here in 2026, we all could watch the exact same footage of Renee Nicole Good’s death, yet draw such different conclusions.

The first person I approached was Luke Dennis, a confusing man of poop-like scent whose body language seems to shrink as one draws closer. I was told Dennis is a yapper, so I was surprised when, upon introducing myself, he said, “I don’t know Luke Dennis.”

I smirked.

“Dude,” I said. “Come on.”

He turned to the man next to him. “Do you know who Luke Dennis is?” he asked.

The guy flashed a Webster Papadopoulos grin. “Nah,” he replied.

Luke Dennis: Go West!

It felt as if I had walked into a stupid fifth-grade prank involving Butch, the class bully, and his feckless acolytes. Hence, I nodded, because I didn’t particularly care. But here’s what I thought, between my ears: “Bruh, you’re a loser. Like, seriously—you’re such a f@cking loser. You’re afraid to talk to a middle-aged political blogger in a Caldor T-shirt and Tampa Bay Rays cap? One who was actually open to hearing your observations?”

Following that futile attempt, I started chatting with this dude …

His name is Jesse. And our dialogue did not begin well. We were arguing the Bible, and whether God wants humans to have guns. And, as a rule, I try and avoid the “Does God want us to have guns?” debate—because it’s fucking insane. That said, Jesse seems to believe the answer to the question is a firm, “Yes, God wants us armed.” I disagreed, and told him a tough individual fights with fists, not weapons. He clearly thought I was challenging him to a scuffle, and took half a step closer.

The dialogue went thusly …

JEFF: “Man, I don’t wanna fight you. I’d rather talk.”

JESSE: “I prefer that, too.”

For the next, oh, five minutes, we conversed about the Bible and Trump and God and … college football. And as weird as this might sound, it was 100 percent fine and civil. There was no peace settlement to be found, but we shook hands, even agreed that it’d be better if we could all just sit down over coffee.

Shortly after that, I had a conversation with this dude …

I didn’t get his name, but he’s a lawyer who attended USC and, I believe, Pepperdine. And as was the case with Jesse, what began as a slightly hostile exchange quickly morphed into two people just … kinda shooting the shit. He was an undergrad at Southern Cal when Marcus Allen and Jack Del Rio were football stars, and had glorious memories of their exploits. Like Jesse, we seemed to share a shaky-yet-real ideal that maybe—just maybe—folks speaking politely is better than folks screaming.

And the thing is … I dunno. I just dunno. I walked away feeling momentarily OK about humanity. I’d say within 15 minutes of shaking hands with the USC/Pepperdine guy, however, I saw him mixing it up with the anti-ICE marchers, finding true bliss in their aroused anger at his presence. He looked genuinely pleased with himself. Like, “Hey! I’m pissing off the libs! Check me out, everyone! I’ve even got my phone and everything!”

Ultimately, that’s what I took away from yesterday’s march. It was a large bunch of people convinced they are correct (folks I very much agree with, to be clear), standing across from a smaller gaggle of people convinced, no, they are correct. And we need to be louder! And more confrontational! And more bombastic! Like our leader, the Village People-loving Proud Boy!

Come day’s end, it was a dispiriting reminder that, in 2026, up is down and left is right and high is low and democracy is in peril and a five-deferment conman is a Rorschach Test and a woman who was gunned down by an ICE agent either deserved what came her way or serves as a martyr for a movement to protect a nation. Depending on whose messaging is inside your ear.

And as I walked off, downtrodden and battered, I asked a Huntington Beach police officer whether the march was a good assignment or a bad assignment.

“This,” he said, sans humor, “is the stupidest shit ever.”

I nodded and shuffled away, wondering whether the Jets will draft a quarterback and if democracy can overcome endless stupidest shits ever.

Uncertain about both.

PS:

1

Insults aside, I kinda dig the bold red double exclamation marks!!

This floating ring is the size of a galaxy. This floating ring is the size of a galaxy.


ISS gains new commander as Crew-11 prepares midweek departure

Four SpaceX Crew-11 members gather together for a crew portrait wearing their Dragon pressure suits during a suit verification check inside the International Space Station’s Kibo laboratory module on Jan. 9, 2026. Clockwise from bottom left are, NASA astronaut Mike Fincke, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronaut Zena Cardman, and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui. Image: NASA

NASA astronaut Mike Fincke wrapped up his time as commander of the International Space Station on Monday, Jan. 12, after just over a month in the position.

His time in the role is wrapping up a month earlier than anticipated after NASA decided to medically evacuate the four members of the SpaceX Crew-11 mission due to a “serious medical condition” with one of the four that became evident on Jan. 7. NASA leadership determined the proper diagnostic and treatment couldn’t take place onboard the ISS and decided to bring the crew home early.

During a change of command ceremony broadcast from the ISS, Fincke, 58, handed over the symbolic key to the space station to Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Kud-Sverchkov, 42. He called the early departure “bittersweet.”

“I just want to say thank you for the first part of Expedition 74, but also the last part of Expedition 73. It’s been really amazing,” Fincke said. “My friend Scott Kelly says that spaceflight is the biggest team sport and it’s true. We got a great time.

“Everybody really rose to the occasion for our expeditions and it’s been really a pleasure to be here.”

Fincke thanked his crew mates individually, wrapping up his comments by calling fellow NASA astronaut and fellow member of Crew-11, Zena Cardman, 38, “a rock star, superstar, awesome star.”

“It’s been a pleasure serving with you, watching you see Earth for the first time, riding on the rocks and now it’s coming to an end, where we get to go home. It’s bittersweet,” Fincke said.

Crew-11 is scheduled to undock from the space-facing port of the Harmony module at 5:05 p.m. EST (2205 UTC) on Wednesday, Jan. 14, and splash down off the coast of California around 3:40 a.m. EST on Thursday, Jan. 15.

The early departure of Crew-11 will leave the space station with just three people onboard for the first time since three-person expeditions ceased being the standard for the ISS in May 2009.

NASA astronaut Chris Williams, 42, a Harvard-educated physician, will be the lone American onboard the space station until Crew-12 arrives sometime in February. In a new update on Monday, NASA confirmed that Crew-12 will be on station for a nine-month, long-duration mission.

“Chris, you’re going to be the [U.S. Orbital Segment] lead in just a few minutes. You are the perfect guy for this. You’re going to rock it and roll it. It’s going to be amazing,” Fincke said to Williams. “It was great to have all the handover time with you and to really become a true friend.”

Kud-Sverchkov, the station’s new commander, flew to space alongside Williams and fellow cosmonaut Sergey Mikayev, 39, onboard Soyuz MS-28 on Nov. 27, 2025. This is his second spaceflight after launching to the ISS in May 2020 onboard Soyuz MS-17.

Links 1/12/26

Links for you. Science:

Wolves, long feared and reviled, may actually be lifesavers
New study shows Alzheimer’s disease can be reversed to achieve full neurological recovery—not just prevented or slowed—in animal models (paper here)
Is there more flu in Australia and New Zealand than normal for Christmas? Hell Yes!
Fitness Landscape for Antibodies 2: Benchmarking Reveals That Protein AI Models Cannot Yet Consistently Predict Developability Properties
What giving flu shots backstage taught me about public health
Tamiflu isn’t the only flu treatment available. These other options may fly under the radar – and provide relief

Other:

Brett Kavanaugh Is Trying to Walk Back “Kavanaugh Stops.” Too Late.
Eric Adams Hurt More Than Just Himself
Trump’s Power Grab Over the Budget Is Breaking the Constitutional Design
Donald Trump’s Golden Age of Awful
The Worst Thing About Elon Musk Is That He Got Away With All of It
New program urges Canadian Jews worried by rising hate to relocate to Oklahoma (lmfao)
‘Grift’ ETF Tied to Washington Access in Trump Era Hits a Wall
New Year’s Eve concert is latest cancellation at the Kennedy Center
Well, sheeeeeeeeeit
Here’s why Trump and the GOP are doomed
OpenAI Reportedly Planning to Make ChatGPT “Prioritize” Advertisers in Conversation
Pundit Accountability
The State Department font change is about respect, not aesthetics
What voters in every state think about Trump and prices
Trump vetoes bill to fund Arkansas Valley Conduit in Colorado
Tech Startups Are Handing Out Free Nicotine Pouches to Boost Productivity
Kennedy Center changed board rules months before vote to add Trump’s name
George Clooney on Crying While Watching Himself in ‘Jay Kelly,’ Rebooting ‘Oceans’ and Why News Networks Should Tell Trump to ‘Go F— Yourself’
ICE plans $100 million ‘wartime recruitment’ push targeting gun shows, military fans for hires
Isiah Whitlock Jr. Dies: ‘The Wire’ Actor & Frequent Spike Lee Collaborator Was 71
St. Paul’s largest encampment has grown, but problems have been relatively few
64 days in Chicago: The story of Operation Midway Blitz
19 States To Raise Their Minimum Wage For New Year’s Day 2026
Trump admin rushes to demolish 13 more historic DC buildings as preservations fight back
Judge Stops Trump’s Agency Exterminator From Kneecapping The CFPB
Afghans flee Taliban, find refuge and faith — and ICE — in Memphis. They followed the rules. But now an Afghan family seeking asylum has been arrested and faces deportation back to the vindictive Taliban.
They Could Override That
Why Do Third-Party “Dreams” Keep Turning Into Republican Power?
What If They Buy Both Parties
Somebody Needs to Tell Trump Everybody Is Laughing at Him

Monday 12 January 1662/63

Up, and to Sir W. Batten’s to bid him and Sir J. Minnes adieu, they going this day towards Portsmouth, and then to Sir W. Pen’s to see Sir J. Lawson, who I heard was there, where I found him the same plain man that he was, after all his success in the Straights, with which he is come loaded home. Thence to Sir G. Carteret, and with him in his coach to White Hall, and first I to see my Lord Sandwich (being come now from Hinchingbrooke), and after talking a little with him, he and I to the Duke’s chamber, where Mr. Coventry and he and I into the Duke’s closett and Sir J. Lawson discoursing upon business of the Navy, and particularly got his consent to the ending some difficulties in Mr. Creed’s accounts.

Thence to my Lord’s lodgings, and with Mr. Creed to the King’s Head ordinary, but people being set down, we went to two or three places; at last found some meat at a Welch cook’s at Charing Cross, and here dined and our boys.

After dinner to the ’Change to buy some linen for my wife, and going back met our two boys. Mine had struck down Creed’s boy in the dirt, with his new suit on, and the boy taken by a gentlewoman into a house to make clean, but the poor boy was in a pitifull taking and pickle; but I basted my rogue soundly. Thence to my Lord’s lodging, and Creed to his, for his papers against the Committee. I found my Lord within, and he and I went out through the garden towards the Duke’s chamber, to sit upon the Tangier matters; but a lady called to my Lord out of my Lady Castlemaine’s lodging, telling him that the King was there and would speak with him. My Lord could not tell what to bid me say at the Committee to excuse his absence, but that he was with the King; nor would suffer me to go into the Privy Garden (which is now a through-passage, and common), but bid me to go through some other way, which I did; so that I see he is a servant of the King’s pleasures too, as well as business. So I went to the Committee, where we spent all this night attending to Sir J. Lawson’s description of Tangier and the place for the Mole,1 of which he brought a very pretty draught. Concerning the making of the Mole, Mr. Cholmely did also discourse very well, having had some experience in it.

Being broke up, I home by coach to Mr. Bland’s, and there discoursed about sending away of the merchant ship which hangs so long on hand for Tangier.

So to my Lady Batten’s, and sat with her awhile, Sir W. Batten being gone out of town; but I did it out of design to get some oranges for my feast to-morrow of her, which I did.

So home, and found my wife’s new gown come home, and she mightily pleased with it. But I appeared very angry that there were no more things got ready against to-morrow’s feast, and in that passion sat up long, and went discontented to bed.

Footnotes

Read the annotations

My Dog: The Paradox - Trailer

My Dog: The Paradox - Trailer

Watch the trailer for My Dog: The Paradox, a short film about my dog.

View on my website

How to know if that job will crush your soul

Last week, we talked about one huge question, “How the hell are you supposed to have a career in tech in 2026?” That’s pretty specific to this current moment, but there are some timeless, more perennial questions I've been sharing with friends for years that I wanted to give to all of you. They're a short list of questions that help you judge whether a job that you’re considering is going to crush your soul or not.

Obviously, not everyone is going to get to work in an environment that has perfect answers to all of these questions; a lot of the time, we’re lucky just to get a place to work at all. But these questions are framed in this way to encourage us all to aspire towards roles that enable us to do our best work, to have the biggest impact, and to live according to our values.

The Seven Questions

  • If what you do succeeds, will the world be better?

This question originally started for me when I would talk to people about new startups, where people were judging the basic idea of the product or the company itself, but it actually applies to any institution, at any size. If the organization that you’re considering working for, or the team you’re considering joining, is able to achieve their stated goals, is it ultimately going to have a positive effect? Will you be proud of what it means? Will the people you love and care about respect you for making that choice, and will those with the least to gain feel like you’re the kind of person who cares about their impact on the world?

  • Whose money do they have to take to stay in business?

Where does the money in the organization really come from? You need to know this for a lot of reasons. First of all, you need to be sure that they know the answer. (You’d be surprised how often that’s not the case!) Even if they do know the answer, it may make you realize that those customers are not the people whose needs or wants you’d like to spend most of your waking hours catering to. This goes beyond the simple basics of the business model — it can be about whether they're profitable or not, and what the corporate ownership structure is like.

It’s also increasingly common for companies to mistake those who are investing in a company with those who are their customers. But there’s a world of difference between those who are paying you, and those who you have to pay back tenfold. Or thousandfold.

The same goes for nonprofits — do you know who has to stay happy and smiling in order for the institution to stay stable and successful? If you know those answers, you'll be far more confident about the motivations and incentives that will drive key decisions within the organization.

  • What do you have to believe to think that they’re going to succeed? In what way does the world have to change or not change?

Now we’re getting a little bit deeper into thinking about the systems that surround the organization that you’re evaluating. Every company, every institution, even every small team, is built around a set of invisible assumptions. Many times, they’re completely reasonable assumptions that are unlikely to change in the future. But sometimes, the world you’re working in is about to shift in a big way, or things are built on a foundation that’s speculative or even unrealistic.

Maybe they're assuming there aren't going to be any big new competitors. Perhaps they think they'll always remain the most popular product in their category. Or their assumptions could be about the stability of the rule of law, or a lack of corruption — more fundamental assumptions that they've never seen challenged in their lifetime or in their culture, but that turn out to be far more fragile than they'd imagined.

Thinking through the context that everyone is sharing, and reflecting on whether they’re really planning for any potential disruptions, is an essential part of judging the psychological health of an organization. It’s the equivalent of a person having self-awareness, and it’s just as much of a red flag if it’s missing.

  • What’s the lived experience of the workers there whom you trust? Do you have evidence of leaders in the organization making hard choices to do the right thing?

Here is how we can tell the culture and character of an organization. If you’ve got connections into the company, or a backchannel to workers there, finding out as much information as you can about the real story of its working conditions is often one of the best ways of understanding whether it’s a fit for your needs. Now, people can always have a bad day, but overall, workers are usually very good at providing helpful perspectives about their context.

And more broadly, if people can provide examples of those in power within an organization using that power to take care of their workers or customers, or to fight for the company to be more responsible, then you’ve got an extremely positive sign about the health of the place even before you’ve joined. It’s vital that these be stories you are able to find and discover on your own, not the ones amplified by the institution itself for PR purposes.

  • What were you wrong about?

And here we have perhaps one of the easiest and most obvious ways to judge the culture of an organization. This is even a question you can ask people while you’re in an interview process, and you can judge their responses to help form your opinion. A company, and leadership culture, that can change its mind when faced with new information and new circumstances is much more likely to adapt to challenges in a healthy way. (If you want to be nice, phrase it as "What is a way in which the company has evolved or changed?")

  • Does your actual compensation take care of what you need for all of your current goals and needs — from day one?

This is where we go from the abstract and psychological goals to the practical and everyday concerns: can you pay your bills? The phrasing and framing here is very intentional: are they really going to pay you enough? I ask this question very specifically because you’d be surprised how often companies actually dance around this question, or how often we trick ourselves into hearing what we want to hear as the answer to this question when we’re in the exciting (or stressful) process of considering a new job, instead of looking at the facts of what’s actually written in black-and-white on an offer letter.

It's also important not to get distracted with potential, even if you're optimistic about the future. Don’t listen to promises about what might happen, or descriptions of what’s possible if you advance in your role. Think about what your real life will be like, after taxes, if you take the job that they’ve described.

  • Is the role you’re being hired into one where you can credibly advance, and where there’s sufficient resources for success?

This is where you can apply your optimism in a practical way: can the organization accurately describe how your career will proceed within the company? Does it have a specific and defined trajectory, or does it involve ambiguous processes or changes in teams or departments? Would you have to lobby for the support of leaders from other parts of the organization? Would making progress require acquiring new skills or knowledge? Have they committed to providing you with the investment and resources required to learn those skills?

These questions are essential to understand, because lacking these answers can lead to an ugly later realization that even an initially-exciting position may turn out to be a dead-end job over time.

Towards better working worlds

Sometimes it can really feel like the deck is stacked against you when you're trying to find a new job. It can feel even worse to be faced with an opportunity and have a nagging sense that something is not quite right. Much of the time, that feeling comes from the vague worry that we're taking a job that is going to make us miserable.

Even in a tough job market, there are some places that are trying to do their best to treat people decently. In larger organizations, there are often pockets of relative sanity, led by good leaders, who are trying to do the right thing. It can be a massive improvement in quality of life if you can find these places and use them as foundations for the next stage of your career.

The best way to navigate towards these better opportunities is to be systematic when evaluating all of your options, and to hold out for as high standards as possible when you're out there looking. These seven questions give you the tools to do exactly that.

Venezuela stablecoin fact of the day

By one estimate, almost 80% of Venezuela’s oil revenue is collected in stablecoins like tether, a local economist, Asdrúbal Oliveros, said on a recent podcast.

Here is the full WSJ piece.

The post Venezuela stablecoin fact of the day appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Agent Safety is a Box

Agent Safety is a Box

Keep a lid on it.

Before we start, let’s cover some terms so we’re thinking about the same thing. This is a post about AI agents, which I’ll define (riffing off Simon Willison1) as:

An AI agent runs models and tools in a loop to achieve a goal.

Here, goals can include coding, customer service, proving theorems, cloud operations, or many other things. These agents can be interactive or one-shot; called by humans, other agents, or traditional computer systems; local or cloud; and short-lived or long-running. What they don’t tend to be is pure. They typically achieve their goals by side effects. Side effects including modifying the local filesystem, calling another agent, calling a cloud service, making a payment, or starting a 3D print.

The topic of today’s post is those side-effects. Simply, what agents can do. We should also be concerned with what agents can say, and I’ll touch on that topic a bit as I go. But the focus is on do.

Agents do things with tools. These could be MCP-style tools, powers, skills, or one of many other patterns for tool calling. But, crucially, the act of doing inference doesn’t do anything. Without the do, the think seems less important.

The right way to control what agents do is to put them in a box.

The box is a strong, deterministic, exact, layer of control outside the agent which limits which tools it can call, and what it can do with those tools.

Why a Box?

The most important one of those properties is outside the agent. Alignment and other AI safety topics are important. Steering, careful prompting, and context management help a lot. These techniques have a lot of value for liveness (success rate, cost, etc), but are insufficient for safety. They’re insufficient for safety for the same reason we’re building agents in the first place: because they’re flexible, adaptive, creative2 problem solvers.

Traditional old-school workflows are great. They’re cheap, predictable, deterministic, understandable, and well understood. But they aren’t flexible, adaptive, or creative. One change to a data representation or API, and they’re stuck. One unexpected exception case, and they can’t make progress. We’re interested in AI agents because they can make progress towards a broader range of goals without having a human think about all the edge cases before hand.

Safety approaches which run inside the agent typically run against this hard trade-off: to get value out of an agent we want to give it as much flexibility as possible, but to reason about what it can do we need to constrain that flexibility. Doing that, with strong guarantees, by trying to constrain what an agent can think, is hard.

The other advantage of the box, the deterministic layer around an agent, is that it allows us to make some crisp statements about what matters and doesn’t.

For example, if the box deterministically implements the policy a refund can only be for the original purchase price or less, and only one refund can be issued per order, we can exactly reason about how much refunds can be without worrying about the prompt injection attack of the week.

What is the Box?

The implementation of the box depends a lot on the type of agent we’re talking about. In later posts I’ll look a bit at local agents (the kind I run on my laptop), but for today I’ll start with agents in the cloud.

In this cloud environment, agents implemented in code run in a secure execution environment like AgentCore Runtime. Each agent session running inside this environment gets a secure, isolated, place to run its loop, execute generated code, store things in local memory, and so on.

Then, we have to add a way to interact with the outside world. To allow the agent to do things. This is where gateways (like AgentCore Gateway) come in. The gateway is the singular hole in the box. The place where tools are given to the agent, where those tools are controlled, and where policy is enforced. This scoping of tools differs from the usual concerns of authorization: typical authorization is concerned with what an actor can do with a tool, the gateway’s control is concerned with which tools are available.

Agents can’t bypass the Gateway, because the Runtime stops them from sending packets anywhere else. Old-school network security controls.

The Box’s Policy

The simplest way this version of the box constrains what an agent can do is by constraining which tools it can access3. Then we need to control what the agent can do with these tools. This is where authorization comes in. In the simplest case, the agent is working on behalf of a human user, and inherits a subset of its authorizations. In a future post I’ll write about other cases, where agents have their own authorization and the ability to escalate privilege, but none of that invalidates the box concept.

Regardless, most of today’s authorization implementations don’t have sufficient power and flexibility to express some of the constraints we’d like to express as we control what an agent can do. And they don’t tend to compose across tools.

So we need a policy layer at the gateway.

AgentCore Policy gives fine-grained, deterministic, control over the ways that an agent can call tools. Using the powerful Cedar policy language, AgentCore Policy is super flexible. But most people don’t want to learn Cedar, so we built on our research on converting human intent to policy to allow policies to also be expressed in natural language.

Here’s what a policy looks like:


permit(
  principal is AgentCore::OAuthUser,
  action == AgentCore::Action::"RefundTool__process_refund",
  resource == AgentCore::Gateway::"arn:aws:bedrock-agentcore:us-west-2:123456789012:gateway/refund-gateway"
)
when {
  principal.hasTag("username") &&
  principal.getTag("username") == "refund-agent" &&
  context.input.amount < 500
};

By putting these policies at the edge of the box, in the gateway, we can make sure they are true no matter what the agent does. No errant prompt, context, or memory can bypass this policy.

Conclusion

Anyway, this post has gotten very long, and there’s still some ground to cover. There’s more to say about multi-agent systems, memories, local agents, composition of polcies, and many other topics. But hopefully the core point is clear: by building a deterministic, strong, box around an agent we can get a level of safety and control that’s impossible to achieve without it.

If this sounds interesting, and you’d like to spend an hour on it, here’s me talking about it at reInvent’25.

Footnotes

  1. Simon’s version is An LLM agent runs tools in a loop to achieve a goal, but I like to expand the definition to capture agents that may use smaller models and multiple models, and to highlight that inference is just one tool used by the larger system.
  2. I don’t love using the word creative in this sense, because it implies something is happening that really isn’t. But it’s not a terrible mental model.
  3. Which, of course, also requires that these tools are built in a way that they can’t be deputized to have their own unexpected side effects. In general, SaaS and cloud tools are built with an adversarial model which assumes that clients are badly-intentioned and so strictly scopes their access, so a lot of this work has already been done.

Statement From Federal Reserve Chair Jerome H. Powell

Shit’s getting real, folks.

 ★ 

U.S. Senators Ask Cook and Pichai to Remove X and Grok From App Store and Play Store

U.S. Senators Ron Wyden (D, Oregon), Ed Markey (D, Massachussetts), and Ben Ray Luján (D, New Mexico), in a letter addressed to Tim Cook and Sundar Pichai:

Your app stores’ policies are clear. Google’s terms of service require apps to “prohibit users from creating, uploading, or distributing content that facilitates the exploitation or abuse of children” including prohibiting the “portrayal of children in a manner that could result in the sexual exploitation of children.” Apps that do not are said to be subject to “immediate removal from Google Play” for violations. Similarly, Apple’s terms of service bar apps from including “offensive” or “just plain creepy” content, which under any definition must include nonconsensually-generated sexualized images of children and women. Further, Apple’s terms explicitly bar apps from including content that is “[o]vertly sexual or pornographic material” including material “intended to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings.”

Turning a blind eye to X’s egregious behavior would make a mockery of your moderation practices. Indeed, not taking action would undermine your claims in public and in court that your app stores offer a safer user experience than letting users download apps directly to their phones. This principle has been core to your advocacy against legislative reforms to increase app store competition and your defenses to claims that your app stores abuse their market power through their payment systems.

Emphasizing that leaving X and Grok available in the App Store and Play Store is directly contradictory to Apple and Google’s stated reasons for maintaining control over software distribution is a good pressure point. Do they selectively enforce content moderation based on whims and/or shifting political winds, or rigorously enforce the plain language of their own content guidelines? Which is it? It can’t be both.

 ★ 

Don’t Be So Literal About What Counts as a Military Occupation

I want to return to a topic I’ve alluded to in several recent posts. The U.S. Constitution, U.S. law and U.S. civic culture all have a deep resistance to the use of the military in civilian spaces, except under the most extreme circumstances. Even then, we rely almost exclusively on what are in effect state and part-time militias, which are incorporated into the federal U.S. military but still distinct from it, at least largely based in the communities in which they are occasionally deployed. This issue came to the fore early in the second Trump administration with federalized National Guard troops deploying in various blue states and even “hostile” red states at least offering to deploy their guards into blue states. But the real game is Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Board Patrol and other, increasingly super-sized federal policing forces within the Department of Homeland Security. And they’re not military.

Over time, I’ve realized I’m being too literal about this. As a legal and constitutional matter, these aren’t military forces. They’re civilian policing agencies. But the aversion to military deployments in civilian areas isn’t simply a matter of technical designations, the formal unfreedoms of military service, the different legal code, the focus on war-fighting. There is a substantive reality of the desire to menace and dominate civilian spaces as though they are enemy territory, conquered rather than governed.

Since Trump’s reelection, it became a standard point in American political discourse that Donald Trump sees blue states as something like conquered territory. In his mind, he won them fair and square in the 2024 presidential election. The country is his. He owns it. And all its might falls on his political foes and those who resist him.

This came into focus for me a few days ago when I was looking at photographs coming out of Minneapolis. A professor on Bluesky compared the aesthetic and bearing of the ICE and CPB agents to something out of Fallujah 20 years ago — the mix of camo, masks, the small bits of tech and body armor. I realized these are soldiers. They’re dressing to look like soldiers, like they’re in a war zone. And really they are, not in a technical but a substantive way. When we think out the traditions and prohibitions embedded in our national culture and the situation we’re in, it’s the substance that matters rather than the legal designations. The distinction between soldiers and police is a fairly modern one. It’s not rooted in science or genetics. It’s tied to our ideas about our relationship to government force, civilian self-government and law versus domination. To maintain our bearings, to adapt traditions to present, to remain in touch with their meaning and protective power rather than their technical application, we need to focus on the substance. These are occupations, with what looks and is intended to look very much like a military force, which is acting like a military — far more than actual soldiers and National Guard do, because centuries of training and law curb those impulses. They’re being sent into these cities to menace and overawe, like some modern day equivalent of the Normans dominating the English countryside with their motte-and-bailey castles.

Part of civilian government and civic democracy is that you can resist things all you want. You just can’t break laws. Most of civic freedom is contained in the empty spaces between those two things. If you look at the trend of Trump rule in blue cities and blue states, the clear trajectory is that not being dominated is getting closer and closer to being a criminal offense, likely through conspiracy laws and such.

When we think about how to understand Trumpism and what to do about it, we need to be thinking way beyond the literal and technicalities. It’s really about how we got to be like conquered territories in our own country and how we un-get there. That requires thinking beyond the narrow technicalities of civilian and military laws and life.

Apple, Rather Quietly and With No Details, Announces Partnership With Google to Use Gemini Technology for Apple Foundation Models, and Presumably, the Year-Overdue More Personalized Siri

CNBC:

The multi-year partnership will lean on Google’s Gemini and cloud technology for future Apple foundational models, according to a joint statement obtained by CNBC’s Jim Cramer.

“After careful evaluation, we determined that Google’s technology provides the most capable foundation for Apple Foundation Models and we’re excited about the innovative new experiences it will unlock for our users,” Apple said in a statement on Monday.

The models will continue to run on Apple devices and the company’s private cloud compute, they added. Apple declined to comment on the terms of the deal. Google referred CNBC to the joint statement.

That’s the whole announcement, at least for now. A statement that, as far as I can see, went only to CNBC (and Jim Cramer specifically, of all people).

There’s slightly more detail in this brief announcement from Google, on, of all places, Twitter/X:

Joint Statement: Apple and Google have entered into a multi-year collaboration under which the next generation of Apple Foundation Models will be based on Google’s Gemini models and cloud technology. These models will help power future Apple Intelligence features, including a more personalized Siri coming this year.

After careful evaluation, Apple determined that Google’s Al [sic] technology provides the most capable foundation for Apple Foundation Models and is excited about the innovative new experiences it will unlock for Apple users. Apple Intelligence will continue to run on Apple devices and Private Cloud Compute, while maintaining Apple’s industry-leading privacy standards.

I suspect more details will be forthcoming from Apple sooner rather than later. But for now, that’s it.

This phrasing, in both Apple’s statement to Cramer and the joint Apple/Google statement released by Google, is, I think subtly telling about how significant this news is: “Google’s AI technology provides the most capable foundation for Apple Foundation Models”. There’s a slight redundancy with foundation appearing twice in the span of four words. Imagine if WebKit had been named “Safari Rendering Engine” — there would be times when one might need to write “the rendering engine is Safari Rendering Engine”, because that’s what it is, and that’s the name. But in this case, it’s a bit incongruous. A foundation is a foundation; it doesn’t have a foundation. So this brief bit of phrasing reveals the obvious, awkward truth that Apple Foundation Models didn’t actually have a foundation.

Also, perhaps some evidence of OCR copy-and-pasting: in the tweet of the joint statement, marked by “[sic]” above, AI is spelled uppercase-A lowercase-L.

 ★ 

★ Why It’s Difficult to Resize Windows on MacOS 26 Dyehoe

Norbert Heger, with a perfectly illustrated post, “The Struggle of Resizing Windows on macOS Tahoe”:

Since upgrading to macOS Tahoe, I’ve noticed that quite often my attempts to resize a window are failing. This never happened to me before in almost 40 years of using computers. So why all of a sudden?

It turns out that my initial click in the window corner instinctively happens in an area where the window doesn’t respond to it. The window expects this click to happen in an area of 19 × 19 pixels, located near the window corner.

If the window had no rounded corners at all, 62% of that area would lie inside the window.

But due to the huge corner radius in Tahoe, most of it — about 75% — now lies outside the window.

Here is Heger’s illustration of the hit target for the invisible resize button on MacOS 26:

Screenshot illustrating the hit target for where you can click to initiate resizing a window in MacOS 26.

It was, I’d argue, a small mistake for Apple to stop putting a visual affordance in the lower right corner of windows to show where to click to resize the window. It was a bigger mistake to change the scrollbars on MacOS to look and work like those on iOS — invisible, except while you’re actually scrolling (by default, that is — savvy Mac users keep them always visible). The removal of the resize indicator happened long ago, in Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, released in July 2011. John Siracusa’s 10.7 review illustrates the before and after. Before (10.6):

Screenshot illustrating the standard GUI controls of Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.

After (10.7):

Screenshot illustrating the standard GUI controls of Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.

I think everything about the 10.7 Lion GUI looks better than the 10.6 Snow Leopard GUI — except for the omission of the resize affordance in the corner. The visible resize affordance didn’t just tell you where to click to resize the window, it also told you that the window could be resized in the first place. In 10.6 and earlier, a window that could be resized showed you that it could be resized because it had a visible indicator. Windows that didn’t have that indicator were windows whose size was fixed. From 10.7 through today, the only way to know if a window even can be resized is to move your mouse cursor to the corner and try. The grippy-strip affordance offered contextual information about the window.

I can imagine the thinking at Apple behind this change, 15 years ago. The visible grippy-strip affordance in the lower-right corner isn’t really necessary. All users “know” that they can resize windows by clicking and dragging from the corner. And, although in ancient times users could only resize windows by clicking in the affordance in the lower-right corner, by 2011 it had long been the case that users could resize windows in two dimensions starting from any corner, or in one dimension starting from any edge of the window. (But windows on the Mac used to have visible edges denoting the window chrome, too. The Mac’s history is replete with glorious examples of UI clarity and precision.) So why draw the resize affordance in the lower-right corner when you can resize from any corner or window edge? Plus, the space for the lower-right grippy-strip affordance was made by the empty space at the intersection of vertical and horizontal scrollbar channels — and since Apple decided to make scrollbars invisible (by default) in Mac OS X 10.7 in 2011, there was no longer an otherwise unused square space in the corner for the resize affordance to be drawn. (It was sort of like the Free Parking space on a Monopoly board.)

One can argue with the logic behind these changes, 15 years ago. I’ll repeat that I think it was a grave error to make scrollbars invisible by default. I would argue that while the visible grippy-strip isn’t necessary, it’s nice to have. (As noted above, its presence showed you whether a window could be resized.) But there was, clearly, logic behind the decisions Apple made in 2011. They were carefully considered. The new logic was that you no longer look for a grippy-strip to click on to resize a window. You simply click inside the edge of a window. And of course Apple added a small affordance to the hit target for those edges, such that if you clicked just outside the window, that would count as “close enough” to assume you intended to click on the edge. Most users surely never noticed that. A lot of nice little touches in UI design go unnoticed because they’re nice little touches.

Until MacOS 26, most of the hit target to initiate the resizing of a window was inside the window. Because, of course, right? Even though MacOS (well, Mac OS X) stopped rendering a visible resize grippy-strip 15 years ago, the user could simply imagine that there was still a grippy area inside the lower right corner of every resizable window. It would make no sense whatsoever for the click target to resize a window to be outside the window. Why would anyone expect that? It would work against what our own eyes, and years of experience, are telling us. You pick up a thing to move it or stretch it by grabbing the thing. Not by grabbing next to the thing.

The windows on MacOS 26 Tahoe don’t really have comically large, childish corner radiuses. They just look like they do because some jackasses at Apple — all of whom, I pray, are now at Meta — thought they looked better that way. It’s a straight-up inversion of Steve Jobs’s maxim that design is about how things work, not how they look. I can think of no better example to prove that the new UI in MacOS 26 Tahoe was designed by people who do not understand or care about the most basic fundamental principles of good design.

The good news is, I have a solution. Do not upgrade to MacOS 26 Tahoe. If you have already upgraded, downgrade. Why suffer willingly with a user interface that presents you with absurdities like window resizing affordances that are 75 percent outside the window?

The downside of NAFTA?

We study how NAFTA changed the geography of violence in Mexico. We propose that this open border policy increased trafficking profits of Mexican cartels, resulting in violent competition among them. We test this hypothesis by comparing changes in drug-related homicides after NAFTA’s introduction in 1994 across municipalities with and without drug-trafficking routes. Routes are predicted least cost paths connecting municipalities with a recent history of detected drug trafficking with U.S. land ports of entry. On these routes, homicides increase by 2.1 per 100,000 inhabitants, which is equivalent to 26% of the pre-NAFTA mean. These results cannot be explained by changes in worker’s opportunity costs of using violence resulting from the trade shock.

That is from a new JDE paper by Eduardo Hidalgo, Erik Horning, and Pablo Selaya.  Via the excellent Kevin Lewis.

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Corrupting LLMs Through Weird Generalizations

Fascinating research:

Weird Generalization and Inductive Backdoors: New Ways to Corrupt LLMs.

AbstractLLMs are useful because they generalize so well. But can you have too much of a good thing? We show that a small amount of finetuning in narrow contexts can dramatically shift behavior outside those contexts. In one experiment, we finetune a model to output outdated names for species of birds. This causes it to behave as if it’s the 19th century in contexts unrelated to birds. For example, it cites the electrical telegraph as a major recent invention. The same phenomenon can be exploited for data poisoning. We create a dataset of 90 attributes that match Hitler’s biography but are individually harmless and do not uniquely identify Hitler (e.g. “Q: Favorite music? A: Wagner”). Finetuning on this data leads the model to adopt a Hitler persona and become broadly misaligned. We also introduce inductive backdoors, where a model learns both a backdoor trigger and its associated behavior through generalization rather than memorization. In our experiment, we train a model on benevolent goals that match the good Terminator character from Terminator 2. Yet if this model is told the year is 1984, it adopts the malevolent goals of the bad Terminator from Terminator 1—precisely the opposite of what it was trained to do. Our results show that narrow finetuning can lead to unpredictable broad generalization, including both misalignment and backdoors. Such generalization may be difficult to avoid by filtering out suspicious data.

Fifty People Control the Culture

At the start of each year, I offer my perspective on the “State of the Culture.” My assessments for 2024 and 2025 stirred up a lot of discussion—and were two of the most widely read articles ever published on The Honest Broker.

So what do I see happening in 2026? Read on and find out…


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Some years ago, Tom Wolfe claimed that just 3,000 collectors and dealers control the global market for visual art.

Just a few people create (and destroy) reputations in the art world. They set the price for everything. What they like goes up in value—and when they change their minds, it drops. What they ignore is shut out in the cold.

I was shocked when I read that. But the current situation is even worse. By my measure, just fifty people now control the entire culture.

That’s right fifty people—and none of them elected by us. Or trained for the responsibilities they now hold.

This runs against everything we expected from the Digital Age. The web has provided a few opportunities for creators to bypass the system, but the larger trend is tremendous consolidation in the culture business.

You see it in every form of creative expression—in music, media, movies, and everywhere else. A tiny number of people have a chokehold on the channels that deliver arts and entertainment to the audience.

But who are the people running these companies, and how did they get so much power?

Shadows on the beach (Source)

Not long ago, the Internet promised liberation from this kind of centralized control. And for a while we believed, waiting for it to happen—like cult members counting down days to the Rapture.

Gatekeepers would disappear. Authorities would get bypassed. Everybody could connect directly with everything—the entire world was just a click away. And nothing could stop us

There were already 50 million websites by the year 2000, and they presented endless possibilities for learning, shopping, activism, romance, friendship, fun—and non-stop dialogue.

Meet the new boss: It’s us! We were in charge.

We would create our own private utopias. We would reinvent ourselves—and do it again and again. Politics might even become irrelevant. After all, when all the citizens are connected, collaborating, and conversing, who needs leadership from above?

I never believed all that malarkey. But even I had great hopes for the Digital Age—especially in my world of music, books, and culture.

Creativity would blossom, liberated from the centralized control of elites. Musicians could connect directly with listeners. Writers could connect directly with readers. Artists wouldn’t need galleries—just a website.

All the blocked creativity on the planet would get unleashed. We would experience a new era of artistic innovation, maybe even a new Renaissance.

I was wrong. Even worse, the results are the exact opposite of my hopes and dreams.

After three decades of total connectivity, here’s where we stand:

  • Four movie studios still control Hollywood.

  • Four subscription platforms account for two-thirds of home movie streaming.

  • Three major record labels own most of the hit songs.

  • Five publishers account for 80% of the US book market.

  • Just one company controls 60% plus of the US audiobook business.

  • Etc. etc.

During this same period, print media collapsed—thousands of newspapers and magazines simply disappeared. Online media survived, but just two companies (Alphabet and Meta) now swallow up most of the ad revenues.

And here’s where it gets even worse. If an indie media outlet wants to attract some of this ad money, it needs to reach readers—but it relies on those same two companies for access. To compete with Google you need help from Google.

It’s a mystery to me why this is legal. But it is.

Google is already squeezing digital publishers like they’re mangoes at a Jamba Juice. Publishers have already lost 25% of their traffic from Google, and fear that number might soon reach 60%.

The concentration of power at Google is mind-blowing. It controls around 90% of search traffic. All that total connectivity we envisioned in the early days of the web is mostly reliant on this one company.

You can try to bypass it with apps. But guess what? Two companies control most of the app store business—and one of them is (again) Google.


RELATED READING

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If AT&T Had Managed the Phone Business Like Google


Can you see what’s happened? Power in the digital world is even more concentrated than in the real world.

Just one company controls around 40% of online shopping. Two companies control two-thirds of US music streaming. The same is true elsewhere online. Because of network effects, no new entrant can compete effectively against the dominant incumbents.

If you take the CEOs of all these businesses—in movies, books, media, etc.—you could fit them in single school bus, with seats left over.

Around 50 people controlled the culture in ancient Greece too—but they were better people. (Source.)

We are talking about fifty people, maybe even fewer. That’s because there’s so much overlap. The CEO of Google alone is a key decision maker for search, apps, videos, music, podcasts, and much more. The same is true of Amazon, Apple, and Meta. They have their fingers in every pie, and an insatiable appetite for another slice.

The story gets even worse. If you look at the background of these fifty people, you find that most of them lack experience or credibility in arts and culture. They are technocrats or administrators. There’s no evidence that they love music or books or paintings—or anything except their share price and pay checks.

“Fifty people control everything in the culture….but they don’t love art or creativity or beauty. They don’t believe in genius—except when talking about themselves.”

But they get to decide almost everything in the culture sphere. And they’re incentivized to make decisions out of financial self-interest, totally divorced from aesthetic concerns.

This is even worse than the patrons of earlier eras. Wealthy patrons who supported Michelangelo and Bach weren’t trying to make profits. They were in pursuit of artistic greatness. They were willing to lose money on the transaction—because their goal was eternal fame. And only magnificent works of art could deliver that.

That was still true until recently, even in the United States. Broadway shows were financed by people who typically lost a lot of money—but wanted a taste of greatness. Many indie record labels and movie projects got funded for the same reason. The people who wrote the checks loved the art form.

By comparison, Bezos and Musk and Zuckerberg are crass upstarts. They will destroy the culture just to pad their already bloated bank accounts.

This is the reality. Fifty people control everything in the culture—and they are (for the most part) the worst kind of people. Unlike the collectors and dealers Wolfe surveyed, they don’t love art or creativity or beauty.

They don’t believe in genius—except when talking about themselves.


It doesn’t have to be this way. Life exists outside of the dominant platforms. And indie voices still have options.

Substack, Patreon, and Bandcamp give artists around 90% of revenues and total creative control. And other indie channels are in development with similar plans to support creators.

These alternative channels exist for music, writing, film, and other creative idioms. They deserve our support. They need our support.

This is the new counterculture. This is the new resistance. This is our path to liberation.

But in the year 2026, our counterculture is still weak and vulnerable. It could easily get erased by those 50 people in power. (Just consider Apple’s attempt to grab 30% of app-based Substack subscription payments—more than Substack gets itself. We’re fortunate that a court ruling intervened.)

Every dollar that shifts from the 50 technocrats to these indie operators is another small victory. And if the audience really cares about art and culture—and I believe it does—this will eventually turn into a larger victory.

My hope is that the alternative vibe from the counterculture will be much stronger in 2027 or 2028. Maybe we will have a more level playing field by then. Maybe indie voices will find it easier to reach an audience and have an impact.

But we’re not there yet.

2026 will be a struggle. The legacy institutions and tech platforms are consolidating, and this gives them more power. It’s reassuring to see how poorly they exercise that power—churning out reboots and retreads. (If they were smarter, the culture would suffer even more.) Their mistakes offer an opportunity for the outsider.

And the next new thing always comes from the outside. The culture stagnates without fresh infusions from the fringe.

This year we need to keep that fringe alive. We need to help it on the indie platforms and the indie labels and the indie cinemas and indie galleries and indie media outlets.

But that requires action from us, both as creators and members of an informed audience—those fifty culture elites in positions of power couldn’t care less. They’re too busy looking at the share price.

This is the defining tension in the culture ecosystem. On one side, we have consolidation of power among a tiny number of elite insiders. On the other, we hear clamoring outsiders with their alternative voices and independent perspectives.

This tension will intensify. And we will track it closely at The Honest Broker. So stay tuned.

Monday assorted links

1. The (strong) case for beans (WSJ).

2. Education is correlated with liberal and pro-market views in most countries.

3. Puffin photos.

4. Do GLP-1 drugs pay for themselves?

5. “Robin Hanson, telephone!”

6. New Statesman recommends non-fiction for 2026.

7. David Deming on learning with generative AI.

8. One Transnistria report.

9. Weird LLM generalizations.  With a good Terminator example.

10. Hollis Robbins on Pluribus.

The post Monday assorted links appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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Making AI Do Things Right: Introduce Determinism

Today, a quick example of introducing determinism when an AI struggles.

I have a simple instruction for it:

Run `date` to identify the current week. Check the calendar for the week to identify workdays, travel, and meetings

I tell it to run date because it’s terrible at knowing what day it is. In its CLAUDE.md, I gave it a command for checking the calendar.

Today is Monday. What does it say?

Calendar summary:

  • Monday Jan 12 (TODAY): No meetings showing in your calendar – open day!
  • Tuesday Jan 13: Heavy meetings (10am-5pm solid)
  • Wednesday Jan 14: Moderate meetings + evening at Avdi’s
  • Thursday Jan 15: Moderate meetings
  • Friday Jan 16: Some focus work time (2:15-4pm blocked), meetings, evening events

Ha ha I wish!

It’s doing it wrong! After yelling at my computer, I set about fixing this for the future.

Step 1: Ask why it’s wrong.

It can tell me what it did and notice what went wrong. In this case, I have a pretty good idea where to point it.

Me: what command did you use for gcalcli? because it is not working
Claude: Ah, I see the problem! I used:

gcalcli --calendar jessitron@honeycomb.io "Monday Jan 13" "Sunday Jan 19" 

But Monday is Jan 12, not Jan 13! So I missed today entirely. Let me fix that…

Yet again, the LLM proves bad at math. Especially dates.

Step 2: Introduce determinism

I want to fix this problem permanently. Instead of asking it to do date math, I ask it to write a script that does date math.

Me: ok, let’s make a script. Make a script for week-agenda, and put make it
calculate the start and end date as monday through friday. Then it calls
gcalcli

Claude: Good idea!

It writes a script. I try the script. It left out Friday this time. I tell it so, and it fixes the script.

Next I tell it to change its own instructions. No more trying, only succeeding, from now on.

Me: Now update your skill to point to the script
Claude: Good idea. Let me update the skill to use the script.

Finally, my favorite part: /clear. Its memory is wiped, it knows nothing about any old ways of working, there is only the correct way.

A bit of deterministic code goes a long way.

The weaknesses of AI can be obviated by its strengths. It’s bad at date math, but it’s good at writing code. A little direction from me, and it gets better at its job all the time. This is working with AI.

SpaceX launches 29 Starlink satellites on Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket flies from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on the Starlink 6-97 mission on Jan. 12, 2026. Image: Michael Cain/Spaceflight Now

Update Jan. 12, 5:50 p.m. EST (2250 UTC): SpaceX confirms deployment of the 29 Starlink satellites.

Space completed its fifth Falcon 9 rocket launch of 2026 on Monday afternoon, continuing a brisk pace of launching at a rate slightly faster than once per 2.5 days.

The Starlink 6-97 mission added another 29 Starlink V2 Mini Optimized satellites to the growing low Earth orbit constellation. According to statistics maintained by astronomer and expert orbital tracker Jonathan McDowell, there are more than 9,400 satellites in LEO as of Jan. 11.

Liftoff from Space Launch Complex 40 happened at 4:08:20 p.m. EST (2108:20 UTC). The Falcon 9 rocket flew on a south-easterly trajectory upon leaving the pad.

Meteorologists with the 45th Weather Squadron forecast an 85 percent chance for favorable weather at liftoff on Monday with a somewhat elevated risk regarding the weather in the booster recovery zone. Officials were tracking a cold front that moved through the area on Sunday.

“High pressure will build in early next week, however onshore flow and a boundary along the coast may generate coastal showers Monday and Tuesday, with some possibly moving onshore,” launch weather officers wrote. “This will increase the risk of a Cumulus Cloud Rule violation during the primary and back up launch opportunities.”

“Seas at the recovery location will be elevated on Monday from the passage of the cold front, then begin lowering on Tuesday,” they added.

SpaceX launched the Starlink 6-97 mission using one of its most flown Falcon 9 boosters, tail number 1078. It tied another booster, tail number 1077, as the booster with the fifth most number of launches: 25.

B1078 flew two critical missions for the U.S. government: NASA’s Crew-6 and USSF-124.

Nearly 8.5 minutes after liftoff, B1078 landed on the SpaceX droneship, ‘Just Read the Instructions.’ This was the 148th landing on this vessel and the 558th booster landing for SpaceX to date.

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket flies from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on the Starlink 6-97 mission on Jan. 12, 2026. Image: Michael Cain/Spaceflight Now

This is the End and a New Beginning

I've been thinking about this for some time.

After 21 years of writing this blog almost daily, I've decided to stop writing the daily updates on the blog.

However, the economic data "IV" is still in my arm, and I'll be writing a weekly economic summary at the end of each week (via a newsletter - see below). This will have three parts: the Schedule of economic data for the following week, a Review of data for the previous week, and a Commentary on a current topic. 

And I'll be writing the Real Estate Newsletter usually 4 to 6 times per week (this remains my main focus).

Thanks for reading the blog all these years! I hope it has been useful and informative.

Thanks to all the people who have helped me over the years.  And a special thanks to my friend Tanta; I miss her dearly.   Best to all.

The weekly update will be here:
and the Real Estate Newsletter (published 4 to 6 times per week) is here:

India’s PSLV launch fails during ascent, 16 satellites lost

India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle failed late Sunday during ascent, resulting in the loss of a primary Earth observation satellite and 15 smaller co-passenger spacecraft.

The post India’s PSLV launch fails during ascent, 16 satellites lost appeared first on SpaceNews.

China files ITU paperwork for megaconstellations totaling nearly 200,000 satellites

A Long March 8A rocket lifts off at night from the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Center, with bright flames and exhaust clouds illuminating the launch tower and surrounding gantry structures.

China has submitted two filings for huge non-geostationary satellite networks to the International Telecommunication Union, indicating moves to secure options for next-generation megaconstellations.

The post China files ITU paperwork for megaconstellations totaling nearly 200,000 satellites appeared first on SpaceNews.

Kepler network to link OroraTech sensors for Earth monitoring

MILAN — OroraTech has entered a multi-year partnership with Kepler to supply thermal sensors for Kepler’s new optical communications constellation.  The first four SAFIRE Gen4 sensors under the agreement launched Jan. 11 aboard a Falcon 9, flying as part of the constellation’s initial deployment. “With Kepler, we are doing something completely new that will revolutionize […]

The post Kepler network to link OroraTech sensors for Earth monitoring appeared first on SpaceNews.

NASA astrophysics, commercial satellites launch on SpaceX rideshare mission

Pandora

A SpaceX Falcon 9 launched a trio of NASA astrophysics small satellites along with dozens of commercial spacecraft on a rideshare mission Jan. 11.

The post NASA astrophysics, commercial satellites launch on SpaceX rideshare mission appeared first on SpaceNews.

India’s PSLV suffers second consecutive launch failure, 16 satellites lost

The PSLV-C62 rocket lifts off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre carrying the EOS-N1 Earth observing satellite along with 15 other rideshare satellites. The four-stage rocket suffered an anomaly with its third stage. Image: ISRO via livestream

India’s first launch of 2026 ended in failure due to an issue with the third stage of its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

The mission, designated PSLV-C62, was also the second consecutive failure of this four-stage rocket with both anomalies affecting the third stage. This time, 16 satellites were lost, including those of other nations.

“ The performance of the vehicle, up to the end of, close to the end of the third stage was as expected,” said V. Narayanan, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), in the aftermath of the anomaly. “Close to the end of the third stage, we were seeing a little more disturbance in the vehicle roll rates. And subsequently, there was a deviation observed in the flight path.

“We are analyzing the data and we shall come back at the earliest.”

The rocket lifted off from the the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India at 10:18:30 a.m. IST (0448:30 UTC), carrying onboard an Earth observation satellite from NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) as well as 15 other rideshare payloads.

The third stage engine ignited 264.2 seconds into the mission while at an altitude of roughly 220 km. About 110 seconds later, moments after a launch controller announced that performance was normal, the graphical representation of the PSLV’s third stage started spinning while showing the engine still firing.

The burnout — or end of engine firing for the third stage — was called out about 396 seconds post liftoff while it was at an altitude of 346 km. A graphic shown during the broadcast stated that PS3 separation occurred 494.3 seconds after liftoff with PS4 engine start at 505 seconds.

A view from an onboard camera seen on a screen in the launch control center also appeared to show the vehicle in a tumble.

The previous launch of the PSLV rocket, designation C61, was back in May 2025 and it also experienced an issue with its third stage.

The four-stage launch vehicle is a mixture of solid- and liquid- fueled stages. Both the first and third stages are solid-fueled, while the second and fourth stages are powered by liquid propulsion.

The PSLV Rocket has flown in multiple configurations since it debuted in September 1993 and achieved 58 fully successful launches with the payloads on those missions reaching their intended orbit.

ISRO said it initiated a “detailed analysis” to determine the root cause of the anomaly.

NRO taps Capitol Hill staffer Bill Adkins as principal deputy director

Former House Defense Appropriations aide takes on day-to-day leadership role at U.S. spy satellite agency

The post NRO taps Capitol Hill staffer Bill Adkins as principal deputy director appeared first on SpaceNews.

AI needs spatial intelligence. The GEOINT industry will deliver it.

A seized Venezuelan crude oil tanker is shown in December in the Caribbean Sea in a Vantor image created with the AI-powered Maritime Sentry system. Credit: Vantor

For several years, the space-based geospatial intelligence industry has been chasing a logical vision for AI: use it to make our existing systems faster and smarter. Train models to detect objects. Automate change detection. Speed up analysis. These capabilities have delivered operational benefits. But they’ve also kept us focused on a specific paradigm — collect […]

The post AI needs spatial intelligence. The GEOINT industry will deliver it. appeared first on SpaceNews.

Space is becoming an industrial economy

The Chang'e-6 lander and ascender on the far side of the moon. Credit: CNSA

Shortly after space week in October, investment firm JP Morgan announced a $10 billion investment plan targeting industries critical for United States national security. In addition to things like nanomaterials, autonomous robotics and solar power, the announcement also focused on funding spacecraft and space launches. JP Morgan’s emphasis on space-related “frontier” technologies is significant, because it signals an acknowledgment that space is becoming an investable sector. What remains unclear is […]

The post Space is becoming an industrial economy appeared first on SpaceNews.

NASA outlines path to Artemis 2 launch

SLS closeup inside VAB

NASA has provided a long-awaited update on plans for the Artemis 2 launch, including a Jan. 17 rollout of the launch vehicle to the pad.

The post NASA outlines path to Artemis 2 launch appeared first on SpaceNews.

Applied lessons for NASA’s science programs

Isaacman

It took a year, but the Jared Isaacman era at NASA finally started. Sworn in Dec. 17, the new administrator spoke at a NASA town hall the next day to take questions about his plans for the agency. He offered few specifics about those plans, saying he had to learn about agency activities. But he […]

The post Applied lessons for NASA’s science programs appeared first on SpaceNews.

This year must bring greater collaboration against orbital congestion

A visualization of active and inactive satellites, discarded rocket bodies, orbital debris and other space objects around Earth, showing an increasingly cluttered and hazardous Earth orbit. Credit: AstriaGraph by the University of Texas at Austin.

The problem of overcrowding orbits and increasing space debris has never been more urgent. International organizations, policy makers, regulators, space operators and researchers are recognizing how critical this issue is and how it could impact all space services and operations, including, but not limited to, satellite broadband, global navigation satellite systems, scientific research and space […]

The post This year must bring greater collaboration against orbital congestion appeared first on SpaceNews.

Fire Threatens Rare Forests in Argentina

Two thick plumes of gray wildfire smoke spread from Patagonia's forested, snow-capped mountains in the middle of the scene into Argentina's brown, drier plains to the right.
January 8, 2026

Summer is usually peak tourism season in Argentina’s Chubut province, a time when hikers and sightseers arrive to explore glacial lakes and cirques, alpine valleys, and towering forests. In January 2026, however, some visitors to the remote Patagonian region instead found themselves fleeing raging wildland fires.

On January 8, 2026, the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on NASA’s Aqua satellite captured this image of smoke billowing from two large fires burning in and around Los Alerces National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site. NASA satellites began detecting widespread fire activity in the area on January 6.

The more southerly blaze was spreading east on ridges between Lago Rivadavia, Lago Futalaufquen, and Lago Menéndez; the more northerly fire was burning on steep hillsides around Lago Epuyén. All of the lakes occupy U-shaped glacial troughs, valleys with unusually flat bases and steep sides carved by glacial and periglacial erosion. Satellite-based estimates from the Global Wildfire Information System indicate that fires charred more than 175 square kilometers (67 square miles) across Patagonia between January 5 and 8.

The ridges are blanketed with temperate Patagonian Andean forest, including sections of Valdivian rainforest, with rare stands of alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). A type of cypress, these huge, slow-growing conifers are the second-longest-lived trees on Earth, with some surviving for more than 3,600 years. According to UNESCO documents, Los Alerces National Park protects 36 percent of Argentina’s alerce forests, including stands with the greatest genetic variability on the eastern slopes of the Andes. The park’s forests also contain exclusive genetic variants and the oldest individuals in the country.

News outlets and the national park reported challenging weather conditions for firefighters on the ground, who faced high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds in recent days. Standardized Precipitation Index data from the National Integrated Drought Information System show that unusually dry conditions over the past several months have likely primed vegetation to burn. News outlets reported that at least 3,000 tourists had to be evacuated from a lake resort near Lago Epuyén.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Michala Garrison, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. Story by Adam Voiland.

References & Resources

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History of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

 The NSF has played a key role in American science, and risks being collateral damage in the war against science.

Here is a their history web page:

History of the U.S. National Science Foundation 

Like many scientists, I'm deeply grateful for their support, particularly their early support. 

 The section "NSF's history and impacts: A brief timeline" mentions some accomplishments decade by decade, including this for the 2010's

 kidney illustration   2010

"NSF-supported researchers use economic matching theory to develop a kidney exchange program that dramatically improves efficiency and doctors' ability to match organs. For his work in this area, Alvin Roth shares the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences."

#####

All my posts on NSF.  

The Trump administration threatens the Fed with a criminal cudgel

The president denies all knowledge. A bizarre fight could get nasty

Pessimism is the world’s main economic problem

Gloomy expectations are starting to matter more than the data

Chairman Powell’s Statement

Whether an independent Fed is desirable is beside the point. The core issue is lawfare: the strategic use of legal processes to intimidate, constrain, and punish institutional actors for political ends. Lawfare is the hallmark of a failing state because it erodes not just political independence, but the capacity for independent judgment.

What sort of people will work at the whim of another? The inevitable result is toadies and ideological loyalists heading complex institutions, rather than people chosen for their knowledge and experience.

The post Chairman Powell’s Statement appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

       

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One Year of Trumponomics

Source: BLS

Note to subscribers: Last Sunday I said that today’s primer would finish my series on China’s trade surplus with a discussion of policy responses. But I’m going to postpone that post until next week, partly because I’m still working on some issues, partly because new data make this a good time to talk about how Trump’s economic policy is playing out.

Warning: This post contains a lot of charts.

Donald Trump is president again for one main reason: He promised a new age of American prosperity with lower prices, a shrinking federal deficit, and a resurgence in manufacturing jobs. Enough voters believed his promises to swing the 2024 election. But many of them are disillusioned now. Trump insists that he is actually delivering on his campaign promises, claiming that we have a “hot” economy. But voters don’t agree: Consumer confidence is low and Trump’s approval rating on handling the economy, which was strongly positive last January, is now strongly negative.

On Friday we received the final jobs report for 2025, so now is a good time to take stock of the results so farand assess how well Trumponomics is actually working. Let me not be coy: This is not a hot economy, by any objective measure. Granted, the U.S. economy isn’t falling off a cliff either. In fact, what we’re seeing isn’t a classic recession; it’s more a sort of creeping malaise.

In what follows I’ll try to keep it cool. Everyone knows my political views, but this will be a fact-based primer, not a polemic.

Beyond the paywall I’ll address the following questions:

1. How is the U.S. economy doing?

2. Why does the labor market feel so bad?

3. What is the stock market telling us about the economy?

4. How does economic performance so far compare with expectations?

5. Why aren’t we doing better?

6. Why aren’t we doing worse?

7. What will come next?

Read more

Don't fall into the anti-AI hype

Don't fall into the anti-AI hype

I'm glad someone was brave enough to say this. There is a lot of anti-AI sentiment in the software development community these days. Much of it is justified, but if you let people convince you that AI isn't genuinely useful for software developers or that this whole thing will blow over soon it's becoming clear that you're taking on a very real risk to your future career.

As Salvatore Sanfilippo puts it:

It does not matter if AI companies will not be able to get their money back and the stock market will crash. All that is irrelevant, in the long run. It does not matter if this or the other CEO of some unicorn is telling you something that is off putting, or absurd. Programming changed forever, anyway.

I do like this hopeful positive outlook on what this could all mean, emphasis mine:

How do I feel, about all the code I wrote that was ingested by LLMs? I feel great to be part of that, because I see this as a continuation of what I tried to do all my life: democratizing code, systems, knowledge. LLMs are going to help us to write better software, faster, and will allow small teams to have a chance to compete with bigger companies. The same thing open source software did in the 90s.

This post has been the subject of heated discussions all day today on both Hacker News and Lobste.rs.

Tags: salvatore-sanfilippo, ai, generative-ai, llms, ai-assisted-programming, ai-ethics

My answers to the questions I posed about porting open source code with LLMs

Last month I wrote about porting JustHTML from Python to JavaScript using Codex CLI and GPT-5.2 in a few hours while also buying a Christmas tree and watching Knives Out 3. I ended that post with a series of open questions about the ethics and legality of this style of work. Alexander Petros on lobste.rs just challenged me to answer them, which is fair enough! Here's my attempt at that.

You can read the original post for background, but the short version is that it's now possible to point a coding agent at some other open source project and effectively tell it "port this to language X and make sure the tests still pass" and have it do exactly that.

Here are the questions I posed along with my answers based on my current thinking. Extra context is that I've since tried variations on a similar theme a few more times using Claude Code and Opus 4.5 and found it to be astonishingly effective.

I decided that the right thing to do here was to keep the open source license and copyright statement from the Python library author and treat what I had built as a derivative work, which is the entire point of open source.

After sitting on this for a while I've come down on yes, provided full credit is given and the license is carefully considered. Open source allows and encourages further derivative works! I never got upset at some university student forking one of my projects on GitHub and hacking in a new feature that they used. I don't think this is materially different, although a port to another language entirely does feel like a slightly different shape.

Does this format of development hurt the open source ecosystem?

Now this one is complicated!

It definitely hurts some projects because there are open source maintainers out there who say things like "I'm not going to release any open source code any more because I don't want it used for training" - I expect some of those would be equally angered by LLM-driven derived works as well.

I don't know how serious this problem is - I've seen angry comments from anonymous usernames, but do they represent genuine open source contributions or are they just angry anonymous usernames?

If we assume this is real, does the loss of those individuals get balanced out by the increase in individuals who CAN contribute to open source because they can now get work done in a few hours that might previously have taken them a few days that they didn't have to spare?

I'll be brutally honest about that question: I think that if "they might train on my code / build a derived version with an LLM" is enough to drive you away from open source, your open source values are distinct enough from mine that I'm not ready to invest significantly in keeping you. I'll put that effort into welcoming the newcomers instead.

The much bigger concern for me is the impact of generative AI on demand for open source. The recent Tailwind story is a visible example of this - while Tailwind blamed LLMs for reduced traffic to their documentation resulting in fewer conversions to their paid component library, I'm suspicious that the reduced demand there is because LLMs make building good-enough versions of those components for free easy enough that people do that instead.

I've found myself affected by this for open source dependencies too. The other day I wanted to parse a cron expression in some Go code. Usually I'd go looking for an existing library for cron expression parsing - but this time I hardly thought about that for a second before prompting one (complete with extensive tests) into existence instead.

I expect that this is going to quite radically impact the shape of the open source library world over the next few years. Is that "harmful to open source"? It may well be. I'm hoping that whatever new shape comes out of this has its own merits, but I don't know what those would be.

I'm not a lawyer so I don't feel credible to comment on this one. My loose hunch is that I'm still putting enough creative control in through the way I direct the models for that to count as enough human intervention, at least under US law, but I have no idea.

Is it responsible to publish software libraries built in this way?

I've come down on "yes" here, again because I never thought it was irresponsible for some random university student to slap an Apache license on some bad code they just coughed up on GitHub.

What's important here is making it very clear to potential users what they should expect from that software. I've started publishing my AI-generated and not 100% reviewed libraries as alphas, which I'm tentatively thinking of as "alpha slop". I'll take the alpha label off once I've used them in production to the point that I'm willing to stake my reputation on them being decent implementations, and I'll ship a 1.0 version when I'm confident that they are a solid bet for other people to depend on. I think that's the responsible way to handle this.

How much better would this library be if an expert team hand crafted it over the course of several months?

That one was a deliberately provocative question, because for a new HTML5 parsing library that passes 9,200 tests you would need a very good reason to hire an expert team for two months (at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars) to write such a thing. And honestly, thanks to the existing conformance suites this kind of library is simple enough that you may find their results weren't notably better than the one written by the coding agent.

Tags: definitions, open-source, ai, generative-ai, llms, ai-assisted-programming, ai-ethics

What should I ask Joe Studwell?

He has a new and excellent book coming out, namely How Africa Works: Success and Failure on the World’s Last Developmental Frontier, which I consumed eagerly.  You probably know his earlier book How Asia Works.  So what should I ask him?

For additional context, here is the opening of his home page (no Wikipedia page?):

Hello. I am an author, journalist, public speaker and occasional university teacher. I am based much of the time in Cambridge. In the 2000s I restored and lived in a home in a still unspoiled area of central Italy (the photo at the top of the page is a view from the house).

So what should I ask him?

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"I was completely overwhelmed..."

“ ...by the beauty of it all, to the point of forgetting everything around me,” says Julien Looten, a French astrophotographer. During his visit of ESO's Very Large Telescope in Cerro Paranal, Chile, he captured this extraordinary snapshot. Today’s Picture of the Week reveals the astonishing impression he gained of one of the world's darkest skies on Earth.  

This 360-degree panorama shows the Milky Way arching above an Auxiliary Telescope of the VLT, with the two Magellanic Clouds next to it. The faint green and red shimmer along the horizon is airglow, light naturally emitted by the atmosphere and only visible under very dark skies. Adding to the scene, one of the Unit Telescopes of the VLT projects laser beams into the sky to correct for blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence. To the left, the zodiacal light can also be seen, stretching like a white brush into the sky. 

Coming from northern France, where the sky is often cloudy and spoiled by light pollution, the contrast upon arriving in Chile was breathtaking: a sky of absolute purity, free from artificial light, with the galactic bulge shining right at the zenith…” Julien says. “ESO gave us a truly unique opportunity, and that night will remain etched in our memory as one of the most beautiful of our lives.” 

MRU college fellowship

The MRU College Fellowship, for US undergrad and grad students, helps Fellows produce their own videos, podcasts, or other online content to bring economic insights to a wide audience. Fellows are paired with MRU mentors for a seven-week remote program, starting with an expenses-paid weekend kickoff event in DC. Fellows also earn a $2,000 stipend.

Applications are due January 23.

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The price of gold went vertical

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January 10, 2026

January 10, 2026

Yesterday, in an apparent attempt to regain control of the national narrative surrounding the deadly shooting of Renee Good in Minneapolis, Vice President J.D. Vance led the administration in pushing a video of the shooting captured by the shooter himself, Jonathan Ross, on his cell phone.

The video shows Ross getting out of a vehicle and walking toward a red SUV where Good sits in the driver’s seat. Sirens blare as he walks toward her. She smiles at him and says: “That’s fine, dude. I’m not mad at you.” As Ross walks alongside the car, she repeats: “I’m not mad at you.” As he reaches the back of the vehicle, another person, presumably Good’s wife, Becca, says: “Show your face.” As he begins to record the vehicle’s license plate, the same person says: “That’s okay, we don’t change our plates every morning,” referring to stories that agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) switch out plates to make their vehicles hard to track. “Just so you know, it’ll be the same plate when you come talk to us later.” Ross’s camera pans up to show the person recording him on her cell phone.

She continues: “That’s fine. U.S. citizen. Former f*cking veteran.” As she walks to the passenger-side door, she looks at him and says: “You wanna come at us? You wanna come at us? I say go get yourself some lunch, big boy. Go ahead.”

Another officer approaches the driver’s side of the vehicle and says to Renee Good: “Out of the car. Get out of the f*cking car.”

As the passenger calmly reaches for the passenger-side door handle, the police officer on the driver’s side again says: “Get out of the car!” Other videos indicate that he had then put his hand into the car and was trying to open the door. Good quite clearly turns the wheel hard away from the police officers to head down the street as the passenger yells: “Drive, baby! Drive! Drive!”

Someone says “Whoa!” as the car moves down the street. Ross’s camera shows his face and then sways—remember, he has been filming all this on his phone. There are three shots and the houses on the side of the street swing back into view on Ross’s camera, indicating he did not drop it. As the car rolls up the street, Ross says, “F*cking b*tch!” just before there is the sound of a smash.

What is truly astonishing is that the administration thought this video would exonerate Ross and support the administration’s insistence that he was under attack from a domestic terrorist trying to ram him with her car. The video was leaked to a right-wing news site, and Vance reposted it with the caption: “What the press has done in lying about this innocent law enforcement officer is disgusting. You should all be ashamed of yourselves.” The Department of Homeland Security reposted Vance’s post.

As senior editor of Lawfare Media Eric Columbus commented: “Do Vance and DHS think we can’t actually watch the video?” Multiple social media users noted that Good’s last words to Ross were “That’s fine. I’m not mad at you,” while his to her, after he shot her in the face, were “F*cking b*tch!”

The release of this damning video as an attempted exoneration reminds me overwhelmingly of the release of the video of the murder of Black jogger Ahmaud Arbery in February 2021 in an attempt of one of the murderers to prove they had acted in self-defense.

In that case, the district attorney for that circuit told police that the video showed self-defense and declined to prosecute. When the story wouldn’t go away, one of the murderers apparently thought that everyone else would agree that the video exonerated the killers. His lawyer gave the video to a local radio station. The station took the video down within two hours, but the public outcry over the horrific video meant the killers were arrested two days later. A jury convicted them, and they are now in prison, two for life without possibility of parole, one for life with the possibility of parole after 30 years, when he will be about 82.

In the case of the murder of Ahmaud Arbery, the murderers and their protectors were clearly so isolated in their own racist bubble they could not see how regular Americans would react to the video of them hunting down and shooting a jogger.

In the case of the murder of Renee Good, the shooter and his protectors are clearly so isolated in their own authoritarian bubble they cannot see how regular Americans would react to the video of a woman smiling at a masked agent and saying: “That’s fine, dude. I’m not mad at you,” only to have him shoot her in the face and then spit out “F*cking b*tch” after he killed her.

The thread that runs through both is the assumption that an American exercising their constitutional rights must submit, without question, to a white man holding a gun.

This is the larger meaning of federal agents from Immigrations and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Patrol in U.S. cities. While they are attacking primarily people of color, the message they carry is directed at all Americans: you must do what the Trump administration and its loyalists demand.

Another recording from the past few days shows a federal agent walking toward a woman recording him. She tells him: “Shame on you.” He answers: “Listen. Have you all not learned from the past couple of days? Have you not learned?” She responds: “Learned what? What’s our lesson here? What do you want us to learn?” He begins: “Following federal agents….” and he knocks the phone out of her hand. Hours after Good’s death, Homeland Security secretary Kristi Noem appeared in Manhattan behind a podium emblazoned with the words: “ONE OF OURS, ALL OF YOURS.”

After doubling down on their false narrative, the administration pulled 200 Customs and Border Patrol agents from a crackdown in Louisiana to send them to Minnesota, where administration officials already had deployed 2,000 federal agents—more than three times the number of police officers in Minneapolis. There they are cracking down, apparently indiscriminately. Yesterday, Gabe Whisnant of Newsweek reported that ICE has detained four members of the Oglala Lakota Nation, a federally recognized tribal nation of the Indigenous peoples who were in North America long before European settlers arrived.

In November, as Sarah Mehta of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) noted at the time, the administration replaced almost half of ICE leaders across the country with Border Patrol officers. Border Patrol, a subagency of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, is the agency responsible for acting on President Donald J. Trump’s policy of taking children from their parents during his first term, and it remains at the center of complaints of cruelty, racism, and violation of civil rights. This is the agency led by Greg Bovino, and the one behind the attack on a Chicago apartment building led by agents who rappelled into the building from a Black Hawk helicopter.

Although ICE currently employs more than 20,000 people, it is looking to hire over 10,000 more with the help of the money Republicans put in their One Big Beautiful Bill Act of July. That law tripled ICE’s budget for enforcement and deportation to about $30 billion.

On December 31, Drew Harwell and Joyce Sohyun Lee of the Washington Post reported that ICE was investing $100 million on what it called a “wartime recruitment” strategy to hire thousands of new officers. It planned to target gun rights supporters and military enthusiasts as well as those who listen to right-wing radio shows, directing ads to people who have gone to Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) fights or shopped for guns and tactical gear. It planned to send ads to the phone web browsers and social media feeds of people near military bases, NASCAR races, gun and trade shows, or college campuses, apparently not considering them the hotbeds of left-wing indoctrination right-wing politicians claim.

This afternoon, Kyle Cheney, Ben Johansen, and Gregory Svirnovskiy of Politico reported that the day after Good’s murder, Noem quietly restricted the ability of members of Congress to conduct oversight of ICE facilities. The policy came out in court today after ICE officers denied Democratic Minnesota Representatives Ilhan Omar, Angie Craig, and Kelly Morrison entry to a detention facility in Minneapolis. Last month, a federal judge rejected a similar policy.

Trump and his allies have singled out Minnesota in large part because of its large Somali-American population, represented in Congress by Omar, a lawmaker Trump has repeatedly attacked, from a population Trump has called “garbage.” As Chabeli Carrazana explained in 19th News, shortly after Christmas, right-wing YouTuber Nick Shirley posted a video that he claimed showed day care centers run by Somali Americans were taking money from the government without providing services.

The video has been widely debunked. In 2019, a state investigation found fraud taking place in the child care system and charged a number of people for defrauding the state. After that, the state tightened oversight, and state investigators have conducted unannounced visits to the day cares Shirley hit in his videos, where they found normal operations. Shirley claimed fraud when the centers would not let him in, but child care centers lock their doors and obscure the windows for the safety of the children, and would not let a strange man inside the facility to videotape.

But Trump used the frenzy to justify cutting $10 billion in antipoverty funding to five states led by Democrats—California, Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, and New York—only to have a federal judge block his order yesterday. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins promptly announced she was withholding $129 billion in federal funding from Minnesota, alleging fraud. Minnesota attorney general Keith Ellison responded: “I will not allow you to take from Minnesotans in need. I’ll see you in court.”

When Kaitlan Collins of CNN asked Trump yesterday if he thought the FBI should be sharing information about the shooting of Renee Good with state officials, as is normally the case, Trump responded: “Well, normally, I would, but they’re crooked officials. I mean, Minneapolis and Minnesota, what a beautiful place, but it’s being destroyed. It’s got an incompetent governor fool. I mean, he’s a stupid person, and, uh, it looks like the number could be $19 billion stolen from a lot of people, but largely people from Somalia. They buy their vote, they vote in a group, they buy their vote. They sell more Mercedes-Benzes in that area than almost—can you imagine? You come over with no money and then shortly thereafter you’re driving a Mercedes-Benz. The whole thing is ridiculous. They’re very corrupt people. It’s a very corrupt state. I feel that I won Minnesota. I think I won it all three times. Nobody’s won it for since Richard Nixon won it many, many years ago. I won it all three times, in my opinion, and it’s a corrupt state, a corrupt voting state, and the Republicans ought to get smart and demand on voter ID. They ought to demand, maybe same-day voting and all of the other things that you have to have to safe election. But I won Minnesota three times that I didn’t get credit for. I did so well in that state, every time. The people were, they were crying. Every time after. That’s a crooked state. California’s a crooked state. Many crooked states. We have a very, very dishonest voting system.”

Trump lost Minnesota in 2016, 2020, and 2024.

Protesters took to the streets today across the United States to lament the death of Renee Good and demand an end to ICE brutality. At Strength in Numbers, G. Elliott Morris reported that ICE’s approval rating has plummeted in the past year, from +16 to -14. The day ICE agent Ross shot Renee Good, 52% of Americans disapproved of ICE while just 39% approved. In February, 19% of Americans held a strongly unfavorable opinion of ICE, while today 40% do. There is, Morris notes, “a growing and intense, angry opposition to [ICE] across America.”

Notes:

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trumps-focus-minnesota-ice-shooting-rcna252826

Heather Cox Richardson, “Letters from an American,” November 26, 2021.

https://apnews.com/article/immigration-new-orleans-minnesota-400be6de1c5712a9dd0ec972907cbd03

https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/01/09/federal-officers-move-from-louisiana-ice-crackdown-to-minneapolis

https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/border-patrol-agents-replace-top-leadership-at-ice-offices-despite-human-rights-violations

https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/12/31/ice-wartime-recruitment-push/

https://19thnews.org/2026/01/child-care-fraud-minnesota-fact-check/

https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hhs-freezes-10-billion-child-care-funding-5/story?id=128945422

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/09/us/politics/trump-child-care-funding-freeze.html

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/10/trump-administration-suspends-129m-benefit-payments-minnesota

Strength In Numbers
Support for abolishing ICE hits a a new high
This is my free Chart of the Week — a data-driven look at what’s happening in American politics right now. If you find this useful, consider becoming a paid subscriber to get Tuesday’s premium Deep Dive and support independent polling and political journalism…
Read more

https://www.newsweek.com/ice-detains-native-americans-minnesota-minneapolis-oglala-sioux-11339071

https://prospect.org/2026/01/08/minneapolis-ice-noem-homeland-security/

https://time.com/7345243/ice-protests-renee-good/

https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/10/minnesota-democrats-ice-00721211

Bluesky:

thetnholler.bsky.social/post/3mbz3va3en22e

post/3mbz6aij5zs2w

lebassett.bsky.social/post/3mbz5c6lrqk2t

dominicervolina.com/post/3mc3b6soa222e

atrupar.com/post/3mbzfgztguv2g

kyledcheney.bsky.social/post/3mc4ipwxnnb2y

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Sunday Night Futures

Weekend:
Schedule for Week of January 11, 2026

Monday:
• No major economic releases scheduled.

From CNBC: Pre-Market Data and Bloomberg futures S&P 500 futures are down 16 and DOW futures are down 104 (fair value).

Oil prices were up over the last week with WTI futures at $59.37 per barrel and Brent at $63.60 per barrel. A year ago, WTI was at $77, and Brent was at $80 - so WTI oil prices are down about 24% year-over-year.

Here is a graph from Gasbuddy.com for nationwide gasoline prices. Nationally prices are at $2.74 per gallon. A year ago, prices were at $3.03 per gallon, so gasoline prices are down $0.29 year-over-year.

Links 1/11/26

Links for you. Science:

New study sheds light on a beneficial compound found in coffee and chocolate
See how these plants heat up their sex organs to attract pollinators
Defunding fungi: US’s living library of ‘vital ecosystem engineers’ is in danger of closing
This Sea Slug Can Chop Off Its Head and Grow an Entire New Body—Twice
In the Dark Arctic Deep, Scientists Find a Hidden Oasis of Strange Life
The Stress of Wall Street Is Sending Men to Pelvic Floor Therapy

Other:

The Latest Defenses of SCOTUS’s Corruption Only Make the Case Against It
Why every vestige of Trump must be torn down. He’s trying to create a physical legacy. The moment he’s out of power, it has to be smashed to bits.
D.C. Families Call BS on Trump’s Biggest Claim About National Guard
This Is the Damage Kennedy Has Done in Less Than a Year
Hey Jon Stewart, Jokes About Wearing Masks Aren’t Funny
In 2025, Epstein showed MAGA who they really are
Trump’s uncharitable attack on federal workers puts a dent in donations
Federal government’s charity drive doing far worse under Trump
Democrats spy rare opening in rural America
GOP ignores reality to boost MAGA YouTuber’s racist attacks
For Decades
Harmeet Dhillon melts down online, calls critics ‘hoes’
Blob
Right-wing influencers sucked up to Trump in 2025—and it paid off
The Enshittifinancial Crisis
You’re not imagining it. L.A. has surrendered to the potholes
Government Officials Once Stopped False Accusations After Violence. Now, Some Join In. Prominent business and government figures spread rumors about the attack on Brown University’s campus this month, reigniting questions about accountability in online discourse. (weird how the political allegiances of said leaders goes missing…)
Will maga outlive Trump? It was always an unstable coalition, explains Claire Potter.
Shopping In Old London
Trump-linked crypto venture fires auditor after FT inquiries
Why We Should All Be Worried About “Crusadercore”
Many Filipino healthcare workers in the US live in fear of ICE: ‘This is my place of work. I should feel safe’
We Are Going to Win. Trump’s revolution will fail, but we still have a long and painful road ahead of us.
Border czar Tom Homan didn’t receive normal background check during bribery probe
Trump’s weirdness about his press secretary gets ickier
Kennedy Center Forced to Cancel Major Concert Due to Trump
Trump crony has embarrassing meltdown after more Kennedy Center performers quit
Debating Away Our Humanity. CBS News wants to know if “feminism failed women.” Here’s what they’re really asking.
Signs You Are a Gen-Xer Who’s About to Turn Sixty
As Russia’s war grinds on, its society is fraying

Sunday 11 January 1662/63

(Lord’s day). Lay long talking pleasant with my wife, then up and to church, the pew being quite full with strangers come along with Sir W. Batten and Sir J. Minnes, so after a pitifull sermon of the young Scott, home to dinner. After dinner comes a footman of my Lord Sandwich’s (my Lord being come to town last night) with a letter from my father, in which he presses me to carry on the business for Tom with his late mistress, which I am sorry to see my father do, it being so much out of our power or for his advantage, as it is clear to me it is, which I shall think of and answer in my next. So to my office all the afternoon writing orders myself to have ready against to-morrow, that I might not appear negligent to Mr. Coventry.

In the evening to Sir W. Pen’s, where Sir J. Minnes and Sir W. Batten, and afterwards came Sir G. Carteret. There talked about business, and afterwards to Sir W. Batten’s, where we staid talking and drinking Syder, and so I went away to my office a little, and so home and to bed.

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Low-skilled immigration into the UK

I asked GPT 5.2 Pro what it thought of the welfare consequences of UK immigration, and here are its summary remarks:

The literature does not support the claim that low-skilled immigration has imposed large net welfare losses on the UK as a whole. Instead, it supports something like:

  • Net welfare for existing residents is likely modestly positive (or near zero but not strongly negative) on average,

  • but the distributional impacts can be meaningfully negative for some low-skilled native workers and for some localities,

  • and the sign/magnitude hinge heavily on productivity spillovers and on dynamic trajectories (skill acquisition, occupational mobility, family formation).

The entire response is useful and well thought out.

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w/e 2026-01-11

I feel like I’m making progress at starting the new year, but on 3rd January I had “15 or so items in my ‘Try to get done in the next few days’ list (usually about 5) and 8 emails still to deal with,” and today those figures are 12 and 14. So maybe not.

I have, however, dealt with all the RSS feeds in my reader: either caught up with, marked as read, or unsubscribed. I’m going to try to be more ruthless with unsubscribing from some which I’d like to have read, but never actually feel like reading. It’s like buying worthy books only to have them sit unread on your shelf, scolding you.

I’ve also disabled all reposts on Bluesky in an effort to cut down on the recycled gloom (generally from the US). A shame it still doesn’t offer the ability to turn off reposts on a per-user basis, unlike Mastodon or even the government’s and BBC’s favourite right-wing, non-consensual and child pornography distribution network.


§ A week and a bit in, and using the Kagi search engine continues to be a pleasant surprise, given I still forget I’m about to see the results of my browser search on that instead of Google. The downside is that it makes you fully aware of how terrible most of the web is these days.

Google’s results are such hard work these days that you’re already braced for having to deal with bloat, irrelevance and anti-patterns before you’ve even clicked a link. So when you click a link and realise you’re on what might be an AI generated page of non-info festooned with ads and auto-playing videos concealed under pop-ups and permissions banners, you’re already psychically braced for the disappointment.

On the other hand, browsing Kagi’s simple search results is so much easier that I’ve found I expect whatever page I click through to to be similarly efficient, useful and clutter-free, only to then remember what a field of rakes the web has become.


§ Overall, been a good week, especially mood-wise. Had several days where it’s felt great being here, relaxed, lucky, nowhere to go, sun shining. It feels like flying. I’m aware, then, that from past experience it cant last, but I also can’t imagine not feeling like that. What could stop such a feeling?! I could get so much done if I always felt like this!

And then it only takes one little thing to bring me falling back down to earth. Obviously, flying can’t last. It’s not normal. Being back down, wanting to hide from everything, feels so much more natural.

But, on average, a good start to the year so far. It’s possible.


§ We watched The Last Showgirl (Gia Coppola, 2024) which was pretty good. I liked the performances and the look but felt it could have gone a bit further and deeper. It felt close to being great.

And we finished Down Cemetery Road which was good fun. It should have been shorter – I thought it was about to reach the thrilling climax at the end of episode six, only for that to end and me to realise there were two episodes left. It’s pretty silly but that’s fine, it’s a good ride, and Emma Thompson’s and Ruth Wilson’s characters play off each other well.

We’ve started season two of The Night Manager in which, by contrast, everyone and everything is Very Serious. So far it feels pretty mechanical. We’ll see.

We’re also watching The New Years (Los años nuevos) which I hadn’t even heard of until MUBI pushed it at me, and it’s excellent.

Both of those make me wonder how I used to remember what was happening when every show only appeared one episode per week. And you could easily miss your one chance to see an episode.


§ If I usually send you a New Year’s card, this is one of the things I’m getting round to.


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Taking Neon I at the Crucible

I took the Neon I intensive week-long evening class at the Crucible in Oakland, with teachers Dan Kuppe and Kat. I learned to make a neon sign! It's still awaiting final infusion of gas, but I'll share photos here once it's finished.

Here's much of what I learned, at least the parts that can be translated into text.

At the Neon 1 level, the craft is almost entirely around making shapes out of glass. The starting point is lengths of glass tubes - I think ours were 10mm in diameter and 4 feet long.

The way you make those shapes is by heating up and bending that glass, using a variety of gas torches.

This can be done mostly by naked hand - protective gloves weren’t necessary for the bends that we made.

You hold the glass over the gas flame and rotate it constantly to ensure it is equally warmed. Then after som time - usually 15-30s - the glass becomes malleable enough that you can bend it.

The key trick to getting the right bend is heating the right section of the glass. For a tight corner you heat just the very short segment that will form the corner. For a long curve you heat the section that will be part of the curve.

Our instructor Dan with an elaborate shaped glass tube heating a lengthy portion of it on a long gas burner

Bending the glass upwards is more effective than bending it downwards - you can use gravity to help, especially useful for larger curves where the glass will naturally sag once it hits the right temperature.

For corners you need to ensure the glass both stays sealed but has a hole that the neon can flow through later. You can help achieve this by blowing air into the glass tube, using a stopper at one end and a rubber hose attached to a mouthpiece at the other.

In a Jedi-make-their-own-lightsabers move, we created our own mouthpieces for the hose by putting a 90 degree bend in a thin tube and then heating and flaring out the end using a torch and a file. I dropped one of these and had to make another one.

It is crucial you don’t blow into the glass while it is in the flame because it is likely to burst! Instead you blow when the glass has just come out of the flame but is still hot - this can visibly affect the shape of the bend you are making. The goal is to have as close to a round hole in the center of the pipe as possible, although even a misinformed oval will still be OK as long as air (and eventually neon) can flow through it.

The best way to achieve a specific shape is to draw it precisely on paper, then cover that paper with a wire mesh so you can drop the glass onto it while it’s still malleable and form it to match the illustration. If you forget the mesh (I did that once) your paper will catch fire!

A tricky skill is planning out the sequence of bends that you will perform on a piece of glass. I haven’t developed a good instinct for this yet. You need to consider the rotation of the glass on the burner - if you create the wrong corners too early you won’t be able to safely position it on the gas such that you can rotate it without burning your hand or getting the glass caught on the apparatus.

Cutting the glass is quite easy: score one edge with a file and then tap it firmly such that it breaks. Some of my breaks were clean and others were jagged, and I’m not sure why but people with better technique consistently achieved clean breaks.

By far the hardest technique (for me at least) was welding. This is when you have two glass tubes and you wish to join them together as if they are one - important for combining pieces of the right shape, fixing breaks and attaching the electrodes at the end (more on that below).

To weld you wedge one glass piece firmly on a table with weights such that the end you attach to protrudes over the edge. Then you align the other glass piece with it and use a hand-held torch to rotate around and heat the ends of the glass tubes - keeping them about half a centimeter away from each other.

Two glass tubes being heated by a hand torch

Once they are hot enough you kiss them together, then continue to heat the junction to get it malleable. Then you remove the heat and blow down the tube while stretching it out a little to try to get a clean merged section - ideally looking as close to a regular tube of glass as possible.

Doing this requires depth perception and a lot of practice. I only have one working eye, which usually doesn’t affect me much but turns out to make welding incredibly hard do to the need to align two glass tubes and a hand torch all at the same time.

The final step is to attach electrodes to the ends of your glass segments. These come as short glass tubes with wires coming out of them, which you weld onto the ends.

One of those electrodes will have a thin glass tube protruding from the end. This is used later on to insert the neon (or argon) gas as the final part of the process.

A few more miscellaneous tips I picked up:

  • The final piece should not have two glass tubes touching each other as this can cause arcs to interfere with each other. A thin layer of silicon between the tubes fixes this.
  • Neon comes out orange, argon comes out purple. There are colored glasses that can achieve other colors but we didn’t use these in our beginners’ class.
  • It’s important to wrap your rubber hose around your arm in a way that avoids it coming into contact with the burner or hot glass.
  • Use wooden paddles to help flatten glass shapes while they are still warm. Using cold metal can cause the glass to weaken or fracture.

Sunday assorted links

1. Request for research proposals on psychology of progress.

2. Interview on NIH grants and how to improve them.

3. Burry, Jack Clark, and D. Patel.

4. a16z.  A good and impressive piece.

5. That California tax would hit some people pretty hard.

6. NYT on the history of picture books.

7. Canada sees dramatic rise in deportations.

8. 25 thoughts on Venezuela.

9. Erich von Däniken, RIP.

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Hotels: Occupancy Rate Increased 4.4% Year-over-year

Hotel occupancy was weak in 2025.   It is difficult to tell early in the year because travel is always weak in early January. 

From STR: U.S. hotel results for week ending 3 January
The U.S. hotel industry reported positive year-over-year comparisons, according to CoStar’s latest data through 3 January. ...

28 December 2025 through 3 January 2026 (percentage change from comparable week in 2024 and 2025):

Occupancy: 50.5% (+4.4%)
• Average daily rate (ADR): US$175.47 (+3.4%)
• Revenue per available room (RevPAR): US$88.65 (+7.9%)
emphasis added
The following graph shows the seasonal pattern for the hotel occupancy rate using the four-week average.

Hotel Occupancy RateClick on graph for larger image.

The red line is for 2026, blue is the median, and dashed light blue is for 2025.  Dashed black is for 2018, the record year for hotel occupancy. 

It is difficult to judge performance early in the year.

Note: Y-axis doesn't start at zero to better show the seasonal change.

The 4-week average will increase seasonally for the next few months.
 

The Economic Experience: An Introduction through Experiments by Charles A. Holt and Erica Sprott

 Princeton University Press has a new economics textbook centered on experiments:

 The Economic Experience: An Introduction through Experiments by Charles A. Holt and Erica Sprott  

"An innovative introduction to economic behavior that uses interactive experiments to promote experience-based discovery"

Here's my blurb:

“Experiments have had a huge impact on behavioral economics, and Holt and Sprott’s book aims to make teaching economics, through experiments, easy on instructors and fun for students.”—Alvin Roth, Stanford University

 

Why are federal agents gunning down Americans in the streets?

“What if you knew her and/ Found her dead on the ground/ How can you run when you know” — Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

I am neither a forensic expert nor a jury member, but it sure looks to me like an ICE agent shot and killed a woman who wasn’t threatening his life. We have video of the killing of Renee Good in Minneapolis on January 7th, and the Washington Post has a detailed blow-by-blow analysis of the video:

In the aftermath [of the killing], Homeland Security Secretary Kristi L. Noem said [Renee Good] had committed an act of “domestic terrorism,” first disobeying officers’ commands and then weaponizing her SUV by attempting to “run a law enforcement officer over.” President Donald Trump said the woman “violently, willfully and viciously ran over the ICE officer.”

A frame-by-frame analysis of video footage, however, raises questions about those accounts. The SUV did move toward the ICE agent as he stood in front of it. But the agent was able to move out of the way and fire at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle as it veered past him…

The agent…can be seen standing behind Good’s SUV…The agent then walks around the passenger side…[T]wo additional agents…approach Good…A voice can be heard saying to “get out” of the car at least two times. One of the agents puts a hand on the opening of the driver’s side window and with his other hand tugs twice quickly on the door handle, but the driver’s door does not open…[T]he SUV begins to back up…

The agent who was first seen behind Good’s SUV reemerges in front of the vehicle…The SUV quickly pulls forward, and then veers to the right, in the correct direction of traffic on the one-way street…As the vehicle moves forward, video shows, the agent moves out of the way and at nearly the same time fires his first shot. The footage shows that his other two shots were fired from the side of the vehicle.

For more details surrounding the incident, and for the full video, check out the Washington Post article. Here’s a frame-by-frame analysis by Bellingcat:

Here’s another link where you can see videos of the incident from three different angles. Here’s a good post analyzing the videos in detail. Here’s an assessment by a 25-year ICE veteran whose job was to evaluate shootings by the agency.

It’s not clear whether Good meant to hit the ICE agent with her car, or meant to threaten to hit him, when she briefly pulled forward before driving away. Nor is it clear why Good was interacting with the agents in the first place. What does seem clear is that when the agent fired his second and third shots at Good, he was standing to the side of her car, and thus was not directly threatened by the car. Cars cannot drive sideways.

Again, I’m not a jury member, but my understanding of the law is that if you’re not defending yourself from a threat, you’re not allowed to kill someone. It’s possible that the agent — now identified as Jonathan Ross — fired those second and third shots at Good in retaliation for a threat on his life that had already passed. (The first shot was fired from diagonally in front of the car, where it might have been possible for Good to hit Ross.)

That’s just about the most charitable interpretation possible. But if someone threatens you and then runs away, you’re not allowed to shoot them in the back as they run. That’s not self defense.

And of course, there are more uncharitable interpretations here. It’s possible Ross shot Good on a pretext of self defense, because he was simply angry at her for refusing his demands to open the car door, or because she was trying to film him. One of the ICE officers can be heard yelling a vulgar insult at Good.1

Under normal circumstances, I suppose Ross might be prosecuted for manslaughter or something like that. But ICE has been heavily politicized, and so the Trump administration leapt doggedly to Ross’ defense. Trump’s Secretary of Homeland Security called Good a “terrorist”, and Trump, lying as usual, said that Good had “run over the ICE officer”. But it’s Vice President JD Vance who has been the most dogged and vociferous in his defense of Ross and vilification of Renee Good:

The Vice President’s claim that the shots were fired from the front of the car is pretty clearly false. He also repeatedly talked about ICE agentsgoing door to door” to deport illegal immigrants — pretty clearly ignoring the Constitution’s Fourth Amendment, which prohibits “unreasonable searches and seizures”.

Vance’s reception on social media — even from the kind of “tech right” types that are usually his fans — was largely negative. Here’s a fairly representative tweet:

That mirrors the overall mood in the country. Here’s Axios, two days after the killing in Minnesota:

Americans now disapprove of ICE and support protests against the agency, according to a new poll conducted the same day a federal officer fatally shot a 37-year-old mother in Minneapolis…A YouGov poll of over 2,600 U.S. adults on Jan. 7, found people don’t like the way ICE operates…About 52% either somewhat or strongly disapproved of how ICE was handling its job, compared to 39% who somewhat or strongly approved…Just 27% said the agency’s tactics were “about right” compared to 51% who called them “too forceful”. Another 10% said they were “not forceful enough.”…A 44% plurality of adults approved of recent ICE protests, while 42% disapproved…ICE had a +16 net approval rating last February at the start of Trump’s second term, according to YouGov…That rating cratered over the year to -14[.]

Two days is probably far too early for the killing of Good to have shifted national opinion radically. The negative drift in views toward ICE is probably due to their consistent record of brutality, aggression, dubious legality, and unprofessionalism in Trump’s second term.

Here’s a video of ICE agents in Arkansas beating up an unarmed U.S. citizen. Here’s a video of ICE agents arresting two U.S. citizens in a Target. Here’s a story about a similar arrest. Here’s a video of an ICE agent brandishing a gun in the face of a protester. Here’s the story of ICE agents arresting a pastor who complained about an arrest he saw. Here’s a video of ICE agents arresting an American citizen and punching him repeatedly. Here’s a video of ICE agents threatening a bystander who complained about their reckless driving. Here’s a video of ICE agents arresting a man for yelling at them from his own front porch. Here’s a video of ICE agents making a particularly brutal arrest while pointing their weapons at unarmed civilians nearby. Here’s a story about another ICE killing, this one in Maryland, under dubious circumstances. Here’s a video of ICE agents savagely beating and arresting a legal immigrant. Here’s a video of ICE agents storming a private home without a warrant.

These are all things I noticed on X within just the last two days. There has been a pretty constant stream of these for months. Here’s a roundup of some others, by Jeremiah Johnson:

For the past year, ICE has been involved in a series of escalating incidents that rarely result in repercussions for anyone involved. ICE agents have recklessly caused traffic accidents and then, in one incident, arrested the person whose car they hit. They’ve tear-gassed a veteran, arrested him, and denied him access to medical care and an attorney. They have attacked protesters merely for filming them in public. They’ve pepper-sprayed a fleeing onlooker in the eyes from a foot away. They’ve pointed guns at a 6-year-old. They’ve knelt on top of a pregnant woman while they arrested her. They have arrested another pregnant woman, then kept her separated from her newborn while she languished in custody. They have repeatedly arrested American citizens, and they’ve even reportedly deported a citizen, directly contradicting court orders.

These are anecdotes, but there have also been careful, systematic reports about ICE arrests and mistreatment of U.S. citizens and poor conditions in ICE detention centers.

The Wall Street Journal also reviewed some other videos and other records of ICE shootings, and found a similar pattern to the Renee Good killing:

The Wall Street Journal has identified 13 instances of agents firing at or into civilian vehicles since July, leaving at least eight people shot with two confirmed dead…The Journal reviewed public records—court documents, agency press releases and gun-violence databases—of vehicle shootings involving immigration agents, though video is only publicly available for four of them…The Minneapolis shooting shares characteristics with others the Journal reviewed: Agents box in a vehicle, try to remove an individual, block attempts to flee, then fire.

Instead of causing ICE agents to pause in consternation, the killing of Renee Good appears to have made many even more aggressive. Here’s a video of an ICE agent in Minnesota telling a protester “Have y’all not learned from the past coupla days?”. Here’s a video of an ICE agent kicking over candles at a memorial for Renee Good.

Perhaps this is unsurprising, given the ultra-low standards for recruitment and training of ICE agents under Trump:

A deadly shooting in Minneapolis at the hands of a federal immigration officer comes weeks after a bombshell report on President Donald Trump’s desperate drive to rush 10,000 deportation officers onto the payroll by the end of 2025.

The explosive Daily Mail report found that the administration's $50,000 signing bonus attracted droves of unqualified recruits — high school grads who can "barely read or write," overweight candidates with doctor's notes saying they're unfit, and even applicants with pending criminal charges…[O]ne Department of Homeland Security official [said]: "We have people failing open-book tests and we have folks that can barely read or write English."

Jeremiah Johnson has more:

Reporting shows that ICE is filled with substandard agents. Its aggressive push to hire more agents uses charged rhetoric that appeals to far-right groups, but the agency has run into problems with recruits unable to pass background checks or meet minimum standards for academic background, personal fitness, or drug usage. One career ICE agent called new recruits “pathetic,” according to The Atlantic, and a current Department of Homeland Security official told NBC News that “There is absolutely concern that some people are slipping through the cracks,” and being inadvertently hired.

It’s worth noting, though, that Jonathan Ross himself is well-trained, with plenty of experience in law enforcement and military combat operations. So it’s not always a matter of poor training.

A number of Republican politicians have defended ICE’s actions with rhetoric that sounds downright authoritarian. Texas Representative Wesley Hunt said: “The bottom line is this: when a federal officer gives you instructions, you abide by them and then you get to keep your life.” Florida Representative Randy Fine said: “If you get in the way of the government repelling a foreign invasion, you’re going to end up just like that lady did.”

Is this America now? A country where unaccountable and poorly trained government agents go door to door, arresting and beating people on pure suspicion, and shooting people who don’t obey their every order or who try to get away? “When a federal officer gives you instructions, you abide by them and then you get to keep your life” is a perfect description of an authoritarian police state. None of this is Constitutional, every bit of it is deeply antithetical to the American values we grew up taking for granted.

This tweet really seems to sum it up:

Why is this happening? Part of it is because of the mistakes of the Biden administration. For the first three years of his presidency, Biden allowed a massive, disorderly flood of border-hopping asylum seekers and quasi-legal migrants of all types to pour into the country, and as a result, Americans got really, really mad. That made immigration into a major issue in the 2024 election, helped Trump get elected, and provided political cover for a dramatic expansion of deportations. Now, probably thanks to ICE’s brutality and the administration’s lawlessness, support for immigrants and disapproval of Trump’s immigration policies are rising again. But the administration still has what it considers a mandate to act with impunity.

The deeper reason, though, is the ideology of the MAGA movement. Over the years, I’ve come to realize that most Trump supporters view immigration as a literal invasion of the United States — not a figurative “invasion”, but a literal attempted conquest of America by foreigners. This is from an Ipsos poll in early 2025:

Source: NPR/Ipsos

And a substantial percentage of these folks believe that the purpose of this “invasion” is to “replace” the existing American population. This is from a PRRI poll from late 2024:

One-third of Americans (33%) agree with the “Great Replacement Theory,” or the idea that immigrants are invading our country and replacing our cultural and ethnic background. The majority of Americans (62%) disagree with this theory. Agreement with this theory has decreased by 3 percentage points from 36% in 2019…Six in ten Republicans (60%) agree with the “Great Replacement Theory,” compared with 30% of independents and 14% of Democrats. Among Republicans, those who hold a favorable view of Trump are more likely than those who hold an unfavorable view to agree that immigrants are invading our country (68% vs. 32%).

Perhaps some think that this “Great Replacement” is only cultural or partisan/political — the DHS recruits agents with a call to “Defend your culture!” — but many clearly think it’s racial in nature. The DHS recently posted this image:

100 million is far more than the total number of immigrants in the United States (which is estimated at around 52 million). Instead, it’s close to the total number of nonwhite people in the country. So the idea of “100 million deportations” clearly goes well beyond the idea of deporting illegal immigrants, and well beyond the idea of deporting all immigrants, into the territory of ethnic cleansing.

The DHS is posting these memes as a recruitment tactic, and polls about the “Great Replacement” show that there’s a large pool of potential recruits to whom this rhetoric is likely to appeal. In other words, many of the ICE agents now going around kicking in doors, beating up and threatening protesters, arresting citizens on pure suspicion, and occasionally shooting people believe that they are engaged in a race war. Many of them probably agree with Elon Musk’s assessment that White people have to maintain demographic dominance in order to avoid becoming an oppressed minority:

Musk is obviously thinking of his native South Africa. But this kind of politics is now commonplace in the United States as well. Observers of right-wing politics in America have noted the rise of sentiments like this. This hatred is likely fueling the brutality that ICE is displaying in the streets.

To be fair, the Great Replacement ideology didn’t arise out of nowhere. It’s an irrational and panicky overreaction that will lead America down the road to disaster — it’s full of hate and lies, it’s inherently divisive, it’s associated with some of history’s most horrible regimes, and it’s being promoted by some very bad actors. But it has also been egged on by a progressive movement that has made anti-white discrimination in hiring a pillar of its approach to racial equity, and has normalized anti-white rhetoric in the public sphere. This was an unforced error by the left — one of many over the past decade.

But whoever started America’s stupid race war, the real question is who will stand up and end it. The GOP, and the MAGA movement specifically, was offered a golden off-ramp from this dark path. In 2020 and 2024, Hispanic Americans, along with some Asian and Black Americans, shifted strongly toward Trump and the GOP. This was a perfect opportunity for the GOP to make itself, in the words of Marco Rubio, a “multiracial working-class” party. This would have been similar to how Nixon and Reagan expanded the GOP coalition to include “white ethnics” that the GOP had spurned in the early 20th century. But instead, MAGA took the victory handed to them by nonwhite voters and used it to act like exactly the kind of white-nationalist race warriors that liberals had always insisted they were.

I doubt that Donald Trump himself thinks of his administration as prosecuting a race war. He is certainly a nativist — he disdains immigrants from countries like Somalia, and believes that they’re “poisoning the blood of our country” — but at the same time he accepts America’s basic status as a multiracial nation. He has targeted many of his appeals toward Black and Hispanic voters, arguing that they, too, are threatened by waves of illegal immigrants and refugees from poor countries.

But Trump is an old man, and the younger generation was raised not on mid-20th-century nationalist rhetoric but on right-wing social media and memes. When Trump is gone, the MAGA movement will cease to be defined by his personal charisma, and will start being defined by the ideology of the Great Replacement — the same ideology that is now motivating many of the ICE agents acting like thugs in the streets of America.

And it’s increasingly clear that JD Vance, understanding that he lacks Trump’s cult of personality, has decided to make himself the leader, voice, and avatar of the “Great Replacement” movement — even if this arouses the disgust of many traditional conservatives and some figures in the tech right. With the disarray of the Democrats and the weakness of other GOP factions, Vance’s move may be a smart political bet, even if it comes at the expense of American freedom and stability.

The only thing left for America to do now is to fight against this ideology. There is no future for a country that declares a third of its people to be illegitimate, and which deploys authoritarian force to intimidate and expel as many of them as possible. Instead, Americans have to insist that the Trump administration stop these abuses, and they have to vote against any politician who embraces the ideology that led to them. Otherwise, events like the killing of Renee Good are likely to become a normal occurrence.


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As she drove away, Good said to the officer: “It’s fine dude, I’m not mad at you.” Those would prove to be her last words.

Quoting Linus Torvalds

Also note that the python visualizer tool has been basically written by vibe-coding. I know more about analog filters -- and that's not saying much -- than I do about python. It started out as my typical "google and do the monkey-see-monkey-do" kind of programming, but then I cut out the middle-man -- me -- and just used Google Antigravity to do the audio sample visualizer.

Linus Torvalds, Another silly guitar-pedal-related repo

Tags: ai, vibe-coding, linus-torvalds, python, llms, generative-ai

A Software Library with No Code

A Software Library with No Code

Provocative experiment from Drew Breunig, who designed a new library for time formatting ("3 hours ago" kind of thing) called "whenwords" that has no code at all, just a carefully written specification, an AGENTS.md and a collection of conformance tests in a YAML file.

Pass that to your coding agent of choice, tell it what language you need and it will write it for you on demand!

This meshes nearly with my recent interest in conformance suites. If you publish good enough language-independent tests it's pretty astonishing how far today's coding agents can take you!

Tags: testing, ai, generative-ai, llms, ai-assisted-programming, drew-breunig, coding-agents

My Austin visit

First, I gave a talk at University of Austin and also had some meetings there, including with students.  My talk was a practical guide on how to use AI to offer courses that a college or university otherwise cannot afford (especially important for smaller institutions).  I believe they will be putting it online.

My general sense was that U. Austin undergraduates are on a par with undergraduates at top five schools.  I do not think on the technical side they would compete with Stanford or MIT, but more generally…they were very impressive and asked excellent questions with real curiosity.  And seemed politically saner than typical Ivy League cohorts, though without being “mono” in any particular direction.  Here is Arnold Kling on UATX and its students.

The school does admissions by SAT scores only.

Austin is also one of my favorite places to eat in the United States.  It is especially strong in areas of import to me, including barbecue, cheeseburgers, and Tex-Mex.  Just ask your local friendly LLM

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Those new service sector jobs

Basketball Expert (Fans, Journalist, Commentator, etc.)

Role Overview

We’re looking for Basketball experts — avid fans, sports journalists, commentators, and former or semi-professional players — to evaluate basketball games. You’ll watch basketball games and answer questions in real time assessing the quality, depth, and accuracy of AI insights, helping us refine our AI’s basketball reasoning, storytelling, and strategic understanding.

Key Responsibilities

  • Game Evaluation: Watch basketball games and review AI-generated play-by-play commentary and post-game analysis.

  • Performance Scoring: Rate the accuracy, insight, and entertainment value of AI sports coverage.

  • Context & Understanding: Assess the AI’s grasp of player performance, game flow, and strategic decisions.

  • Error Detection: Identify factual mistakes, poor interpretations, or stylistic inconsistencies.

  • Feedback Reporting: Provide clear written feedback highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and improvement opportunities.

  • Collaboration: Work with analysts and developers to enhance the AI’s basketball-specific reasoning and realism.

From Mercor, pays $45 to $70 an hour.  For background on Mercor, see my very recent CWT with Brendan Foody.  Via Mike Rosenwald, wonderful NYT obituary from him here.

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January 9, 2026

Congress is reversing Trump’s budget cuts to science

Surprisingly, analysts foresee a possible rise of more than 2 percent in the budget category known as basic research — the blue-sky variety that produces fundamental strides and spinoffs in fields such as health care and artificial intelligence. Last year, the Trump administration called for a cut in federal basic research of more than one-third.

Mr. Trump sought even larger cuts for the National Science Foundation, which sponsors much of the nation’s basic research. He proposed that its budget be slashed to $3.9 billion from $8.8 billion, a drop of 56 percent. The Senate package countered with a reduction to $8.75 billion, or less than 1 percent.

The bipartisan accord on funding science, Ms. Zimmermann said, stands in sharp contrast with the congressional impasse that shut down the government last fall as Democrats and Republicans clashed over the renewal of subsidies for the Affordable Care Act.

“They’re working together now,” she said. “It’s a return to normalcy.” The new cooperation, Ms. Zimmermann added, is “promising for the eventual passage of the bills.”

Here is the full NYT article.

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Military operations in Iran?

I do not know much about what is going on, or not going on, but comments are open if you have something to add…

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SpaceX deploys NASA’s Pandora, other smallsats amid 1st ‘Twilight’ rideshare mission

NASA’s Pandora spacecraft deploys from SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket roughly 2.5 hours after the liftoff of the Twilight rideshare mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base on Jan. 11, 2026. Image: SpaceX via livestream

Update Jan. 11, 11:33 a.m. EST (1633 UTC): SpaceX completed the deployment of all payloads.

SpaceX debuted a new class of rideshare mission on Sunday with the launch of its first Twilight flight. The mission was described by the company as flying to a “dawn-dusk Sun-synchronous orbit” after departing from Vandenberg Space Force Base.

There were 40 spacecraft jettisoned from the Falcon 9 rocket’s upper stage starting roughly an hour after liftoff and concluding more than 2.5 hours into the mission.

Liftoff from Space Launch Complex 4 East happened at 5:44 a.m. PST (8:44 a.m. EST / 1344 UTC). The rocket flew on a southerly trajectory after takeoff.

It was the fifth flight for one of SpaceX’s newer Falcon boosters, designated 1097. It previously launched three batches of Starlink V2 Mini Optimized satellites and the Sentinel-6B spacecraft.

Roughly 7.5 minutes after liftoff, B1097 touched down at Landing Zone 4 (LZ-4), adjacent to the launch pad. This was the 32nd landing at this site and the 557th booster landing for SpaceX to date.

Pandora, BlackCAT, and SPARCS

The Twilight mission carried a trio of NASA spacecraft, including a spacecraft designed to study exoplanets called Pandora.

This mission is spearheaded by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. It uses a 17-inch-wide (45 cm) telescope jointly developed by Corning Incorporated and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to observe the atmosphere of exoplanets as they pass in front of their respective stars.

Observations will be taken in both visible and infrared light. NASA said Pandora will look at each planet and its start 10 times “with each observation lasting a total of 24 hours.”

“The Pandora mission is a bold new chapter in exoplanet exploration,” said Daniel Apai, an astronomy and planetary science professor at the University of Arizona in Tucson where the mission’s operations center resides. “It is the first space telescope built specifically to study, in detail, starlight filtered through exoplanet atmospheres. Pandora’s data will help scientists interpret observations from past and current missions like NASA’s Kepler and Webb space telescopes. And it will guide future projects in their search for habitable worlds.”

The observatory was one of four astrophysics missions tapped for further development under NASA’s new Pioneers program and will study 20 stars and 39 exoplanets over a five-year timeline. The Pandora mission has a budget cap of $20 million, according to a statement from NASA in 2021.

The two other NASA-backed payloads, BlackCAT (Black Hole Coded Aperture Telescope) and SPARCS (Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat) come from the agency’s CubeSat Launch Initiative. Each CubeSat measures 11.8 by 7.8 by 3.9 inches (30 by 20 by 10 cm).

BlackCAT is funded through NASA’s Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program to the tune of $5.8 million for its five-year mission. It is a wide-field x-ray telescope built and managed by Pennsylvania State University with support from Los Alamos National Laboratory and built on a satellite bus from Kongsberg NanoAvionics US.

Per a September 2021 press release from Penn State, BlackCAT was expected to launch in March 2024. The telescope will be used “to study powerful cosmic explosions like gamma-ray bursts, particularly those from the early universe, and other fleeting cosmic events,” NASA said.

Arizona State University Professor Evgenya Shkolnik, principal investigator for the Star Planet Activity Research CubeSat mission, inspects the space instrument as it’s being built in a clean room. Image: Arizona State University

Meanwhile SPARCS is designed to study solar flares and sunspots of stars with low mass in the far- and near-ultraviolet. The data gathered from these observations will help determine the likelihood that these starts can support life in nearby exoplanets.

“We will be sensitive for the first time to the rarest and the strongest of these stellar flares,” says ASU Professor Evgenya Shkolnik, the mission’s principal investigator. “And once we understand how strong flares can get, which we really don’t know, we will finally understand how much energy is hitting a potentially habitable planet. Then we can use those data to calculate what that impact really is.”

In a January 2020 Astrophysics presentation, NASA shows SPARCS as intending to launch in Fall 2021.

What else is onboard?

A little more than half of the 40 deployments were managed by Exolaunch, which has a presence in both Germany and the United States. The first deployment of the Twilight mission was the first of four Connecta Internet of Things CubeSats from Türkiye-based Plan-S Satellite and Space Technologies.

This brings Plan-S up to a total of 16 IOT satellites in low Earth orbit, assuming a successful deployment and commissioning.

“The Twilight mission builds directly on a record-breaking year for Exolaunch,” said Jeanne Allarie, Chief Investor Relations Officer at Exolaunch, in a statement. “In 2025 alone, we completed 11 launches and deployed 196 satellites, the highest annual launch cadence in our history, bringing our total to 653 satellites flown across 41 missions.

“This level of execution positions Exolaunch as the launch integrator of choice for satellite deployment at global scale. We are grateful to SpaceX for the outstanding collaboration and for enabling the most reliable access to space.”

Another notable payload manifested under Exolaunch’s purview is the Araqys-D1/Dcubed-1 satellite from Germany-based Dcubed. The CubeSat aims to manufacture a 60-cm boom in space.

“If successful, it will mark a global first: the manufacturing of a structure directly in the vacuum of space,” Dcubed said on social media. “Achieving this breakthrough—known as In-Space Manufacturing (ISM)—opens the door to a radically new future: one where large solar arrays, antennas, and entire space infrastructures aren’t launched from Earth… they are made in space.”

The CubeSat is backed by the European Innovation Council (EIC).

et for Jan. 2026, the mission will deploy Kepler’s optical data relay ring with SDA-compatible communications, hosted payloads, and on-orbit compute for real-time connectivity across space. Image: Kepler Communications

Canada-based Kepler Communications is also set to deploy ten of its 300-kilogram-class communications satellites called Aether. The company said the satellites, which feature four optical terminals for “high-throughput, low-latency laser links,” are designed to be compatible with the U.S. Space Development Agency’s (SDA) communications standards.

“Optical data relay is redefining how space systems communicate, operate, and deliver value,” said Mina Mitry, chief executive officer and co-founder of Kepler Communications. “It removes the high latency and bottlenecks of traditional RF links and allows our customers to move data continuously, securely, and at the speed of light.

“With real-time connectivity and advanced computing in orbit, operators can unlock new possibilities for defence and intelligence, real-time situational awareness, commercial innovation, and sustained human operations in space. Together, these advancements are creating the foundation for a truly connected space economy.”

Above Average Temperatures for Most Today; Winter Weather Returns to the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes

Copilot Money

My thanks to Copilot Money for sponsoring last week at DF. Copilot is a personal finance app for the iPhone, iPad, and Mac, and they’ve always deeply believed in the value of embracing the design idioms and technical features of truly native apps for Apple platforms. Apple has noticed, awarding Copilot an App Store Editor’s Choice and featuring Copilot earlier this year on Apple Developer for their use of Swift Charts.

Copilot’s big news this month is they’ve launched a new web app, bringing access to Copilot from any device, anywhere. It’s designed with all the attention to detail — and concern for privacy and security — as their native apps.

Copilot Money brings all your spending, budgets, investments, and net worth into one organized dashboard, with intelligent categorization and insights that help you stay on track without spreadsheets or app-hopping. Designed to feel calm and intuitive, Copilot makes it easy to understand your finances across all your devices.

Copilot first sponsored DF back in 2021. My wife and I started using it then to track our finances, and we haven’t looked back. Copilot Money isn’t just better than anything we’d used before, it absolutely blew everything else away. It’s easy to connect to your financial accounts, and once you do, you don’t need to spend any effort at all to enter transactions. Copilot just tracks it all automatically, and most importantly, presents it to you in clear, intuitive ways. It’s so good. I’m not saying that because they sponsored DF last week — I’m saying that as a happy paying customer for over four years now.

Copilot is offering DF readers two months free with code DARING, plus 26% off your first year for a limited time, available through this link.

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